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Atricle Dump - Impact of Product Patent on FDI in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Consumer Credit Counseling is a service that helps an individual understand their debt and hopefully effectively end their debt through numerous programs and resources. These debt management resources can span anywhere from debt consolidation, debt settlement and/or debt negotiations programs. In addition, a Consumer Credit Counseling Service is designed to help you understand how you got in to debt in the first place and how to stay out for good.The problem of consumer credit counseling can lie in two places: Your personal habits as a consumer and the agency itself. Many individuals fall in to debt from situations that couldn’t have been avoided such as loss of a job, death in the family, and other unseen financial troubles. However, some people get in to debt and dig further due to personal spending habits and living “outside their means.” This is a downward spiral of credit card payments, higher interest rates, and a stack of bill every month. The end result of this life pattern often leads to so much debt, the consumer only has two options, seek professional help or file bankruptcy.Another concept to keep in mind is that even though consumer credit counseling agencies are often non-profit organizations, they are creditors often working on the side of the very credit card companies that you owe. The intention still may be there to trap you in to more money that you can’t afford. It is not being said that all companies only have selfish intent, just to be aware of where the source is. Most Credit Counseling companies are legitimate companies that strive to get you out of debt, but some may not be.So how can one benefit from Consumer Credit Counseling and still remain safe? First of all you may need to take a retrospective look at your life and decide if you are really willing to change your spending habits no matter what the cost. This is the hardest part, changing oneself. The consumer credit counciling agency should be able to assist you with ways to change your lifestyle and avoid making these mistakes again. This part takes real commitment and a driven purpose. Secondly you have to do your background research on the credit counseling service you’d wish to participate with. Check with the better business bureau, personally interview them, get an exact idea of how they will help you and what the costs are before you give them any information at all. By doing a good background check on the business behind the non-profit organization, you can get a good idea of where to start. The process of getting out of debt is never an easy one, however with a little persona
Impact of product patent on Indian Pharma industry
With a regulatory system focused only on process patents, helped to establish the foundation of a strong and highly competitive domestic ph
We come across a number of life situations when we badly require money but we don’t have it. And to fulfill those requirements we go for loans. But, how many of us actually contemplate on the various aspects of loans? The answer is, very few. Actually, we need to know a lot about various things that are involved with loans, such as terms and conditions, interest rates, repayment duration, early payment penalties, Annual Percentage Rates, processing fees etc.A CHEAP LOAN is one that allows you to pay minimum interest, less processing fees, and liberal terms and conditions. It is generally found that a secured loan is charged with interest rates much below an unsecured loan. This is because a secured loan is guaranteed against collateral whereas unsecured loans do not need any collateral. The monthly installments and the repayment duration are also smaller in case of secured loans.But, given the above facts one should not reach a conclusion that secured loans are always cheap. A bad credit secured loan can be costlier than a short term unsecured loan. It depends on the lenders to a great extent as to what interest rates they have fixed, what are their terms and conditions, what is their loan-processing fee etc. Even, the borrower’s circumstances play a major role in availing a cheap loan. In other words, it can be said that a loan can be cheap for a particular individual and prove expensive for the other.There can be a number of purposes to avail a cheap loan. A cheap business loan can be taken to improve the health of your business. A cheap personal loan can be procured to cater to your varied financial needs such as home improvement, buying a car, buying a holiday package, buying expensive electronic equipments, funding your education, financing your marriage etc. Even, you can use a cheap debt consolidation loan to clear your existing debts.So, if you want to avail a cheap loan, you should first examine your financial condition. This will help you to find out which loan is cheap for you and which is not. You will also have to go through a number of websites on the Internet in order to find out the best possible deal for you. And once you have found one, half the work is done on your part. You just need to apply for such a loan through Internet and your loan is at your disposal.
An overview of Indian pharmaceutical industry
The Indian pharmaceutical industry, with US$4 billion in domestic sales and over US$3 billion in exports, is showing satisfactory progress in terms of infrastructure development, technology base and product use. The industry now produces bulk drugs belonging to all major therapeutic groups requiring complicated manufacturing processes and has also developed excellent ‘good manufacturing practices’ (GMP) compliant facilities for the production of different dosage forms. The strength of the industry is in developing cost-effective technologies in the shortest possible time for drug intermediates and bulk actives without compromising on quality. This is realized through the country’s strengths in organic synthesis and process engineering. The focus under the R&D effort is to encourage development of new molecules. A provision of Rs. 150 crore has been made under the Pharmaceutical Research & Development Support Fund. A Drug Development Promotion Board under the Department of Science & Technology has also been set up for the utilisation of this fund. Feasibility of setting up a Mega Chemical Industrial Estate in the country with world class infrastructure facilities is also being studied. For the first time in many years, the international pharmaceutical industry is finding great opportunities in India. The process of consolidation, which has become a generalised phenomenon in the world pharmaceutical industry, has started taking place in India.
The pharmaceutical industry, with its rich scientific talent and research capabilities, supported by Intellectual Property Protection regime, is well set to take a great leap forward. As regards product patents for drugs, an amendment to the Indian Patents Act has been carried out through the Patent (Amendments) Ordinance, 2004 on December 26, 2004. The Ordinance amends the Indian Patents Act, 1970 for the third time with a view to introducing product patents for drugs, food and chemicals. Apart from manufacture of drugs, the product patent regime will help the pharmaceutical industry to tap outsourcing of clinical research. By participating in the international system of IPR protection, India, with its vast pool of scientific and technical personnel, and well-established expertise in medical treatment and health care, has unlocked vast opportunities in both exports and outsourcing and has the potential to become a global hub in the area of R&D based clinical research. The Patent Ordinance also provides adequate safeguards to protect the interest of the domestic industry, and the citizen from any increase in prices of drugs.
Impact of product patent on Indian Pharma industry
With a regulatory system focused only on process patents, helped to establish the foundation of a strong and highly competitive domestic pha
Once again, I experienced why ethics is so critical for today's small business owners and why many small business owners just don’t get it.The other day I was invited to a networking event from someone whom I had just met at another networking event. He said that there would be some time for us to get to know each other better, information presented about his company and there would be opportunity to meet some potential prospects. I asked two very direct questions that I advise all my entrepreneurial and small business clients to ask: Would those in attendance be in my target market of small business owners of $1 million to $10 million in sales? Is this a multi-level marketing event? I was told emphatically Yes and No. So I agreed to come because I believe in power networking: Attending as many networking events that are in or potentially in your target market.After registering for the event at the front door, I then was given a tour of the facility with the emphasis on the people within each office and their accomplishments. My ethic's detector antennae(EAD) began to tingle. Then I was introduced to a variety of associates who began asking me personal questions. Now my EAD is in full vibration. From a sales process, these individuals hadn't established any relationship, but presumed that my relationship with the person who invited me immediately extended to them. There really wasn't any opportunity to meet any potential ideal prospects because each guest was being held in conversation by anywhere from one to three associates nor was there any time to meet with the individual who invited me because he was circling the room meeting all the other guests. Now the words, multi-level marketing and cult began circling in my head.Given that my time is quite valuable, I asked one of the associates as tactfully as possible if this was informational or a recruitment meeting. Again, I was told it was informational, absolutely not a recruitment meeting and to please keep an open mind because everything would be shortly explained.Guests were then directed to a small room with stacking chairs (minimum padding) and spent the next almost 2 hours listening to their successful marketing director all the reasons to buy into this multi-level marketing business. Since I was in the back of the room and was not raised to be a rude individual, I stayed. However, I was not a happy camper because I was definitely lied to by the person who invited me because 2 of the 3 points on the last Power Point slide specifically involv
The pharmaceutical industry, with its rich scientific talent and research capabilities, supported by Intellectual Property Protection regime, is well set to take a great leap forward. As regards product patents for drugs, an amendment to the Indian Patents Act has been carried out through the Patent (Amendments) Ordinance, 2004 on December 26, 2004. The Ordinance amends the Indian Patents Act, 1970 for the third time with a view to introducing product patents for drugs, food and chemicals. Apart from manufacture of drugs, the product patent regime will help the pharmaceutical industry to tap outsourcing of clinical research. By participating in the international system of IPR protection, India, with its vast pool of scientific and technical personnel, and well-established expertise in medical treatment and health care, has unlocked vast opportunities in both exports and outsourcing and has the potential to become a global hub in the area of R&D based clinical research. The Patent Ordinance also provides adequate safeguards to protect the interest of the domestic industry, and the citizen from any increase in prices of drugs.
Impact of product patent on Indian Pharma industry
With a regulatory system focused only on process patents, helped to establish the foundation of a strong and highly competitive domestic ph
Colleagues, I feel your pain on this issue.Scenario #1: You've got a critical position that needs to be filled by a qualified candidate, and quick. For every day the position doesn't get filled, your in-box fills up a bit more with work to be done because your unfilled position hasn't been staffed. You see tons of resumes and have interviewed scores of candidates, but the rock star you're looking for isn't emerging. You refuse to "settle" for a mediocre candidate, but the work is piling up and you've got to do something.Scenario #2: Three months ago you thought you had the perfect candidate for a job and decided to hire him. You negotiate a compensation package, relocate the candidate, and do some internal public relations work with the team. Two months after the candidate hit the job, you realize that your candidate was a PURE (previously undetected recruiting error); the candidate had a major issue with responding to pressure and would become rude and angry with peers, employees, and customers whenever the heat was turned up. You're now faced with either making a massive investment in the person or making a job change. Not a pretty picture.Finding the right candidate for a job can be highly frustrating for both managers and recruiters. If you wait too long, the work will keep piling up and your management may start thinking you can get along without the position. Pull the trigger too soon and you risk hiring a candidate that is a PURE. There are legitimate situations where it just takes a long time to find a suitable candidate. You need to minimize the situations where you either hire the wrong candidate or take forever to find the right one. Here are some simple techniques to help you find that rock star for your organization:Know what you are looking for - Sounds pretty basic, but I have been amazed at how frequently managers dust off a job description that hasn't been changed in years to use as the basis for hiring a new employee. Hiring to an out-dated job description can lead to ineffective resume screening and poor-fit candidates. Give the job description a good working over and ensure the skills documented in the job description accurately reflect what you're looking for.Use multiple interviewers who can focus on different skills - Based on the job description, your candidate may need a combination of functional, technical, leadership, and people skills. A candidate who may be a technical wiz may also have the people skills of a head of lettuce. Use trusted interviewers who have expertise in each area of focus and ask them to drill the candidate for their re
The pharmaceutical industry, with its rich scientific talent and research capabilities, supported by Intellectual Property Protection regime, is well set to take a great leap forward. As regards product patents for drugs, an amendment to the Indian Patents Act has been carried out through the Patent (Amendments) Ordinance, 2004 on December 26, 2004. The Ordinance amends the Indian Patents Act, 1970 for the third time with a view to introducing product patents for drugs, food and chemicals. Apart from manufacture of drugs, the product patent regime will help the pharmaceutical industry to tap outsourcing of clinical research. By participating in the international system of IPR protection, India, with its vast pool of scientific and technical personnel, and well-established expertise in medical treatment and health care, has unlocked vast opportunities in both exports and outsourcing and has the potential to become a global hub in the area of R&D based clinical research. The Patent Ordinance also provides adequate safeguards to protect the interest of the domestic industry, and the citizen from any increase in prices of drugs.
Impact of product patent on Indian Pharma industry
With a regulatory system focused only on process patents, helped to establish the foundation of a strong and highly competitive domestic ph
List building is often done with the end purpose of creating long run profits, and one of the things that is critical to doing just that is targeting your list.As you are building your list, it is important that you target your list. What that means is that if you are selling dog products, for example, that your list is comprised of dog owners, not pet owners in general. And if you sell a wide range of pet products, then you could build several lists, one for dog owners, one for cat owners, one for parrot owners, etc. Now you can do this two ways, and either one is fine.You can either build a broad list, and then give your subscribers a reason to opt in to a tighter list, or you can build tightly niched lists from the beginning. Or you can use some combination of the two. Either way you end up with tightly targeted niche lists, from which you can create profits.For example, if you sell all manner of pet supplies, you could run advertising geared towards pet owners in general, and additional advertising geared towards dog owners. With the broader list, you can send out opportunities for each of the specific categories of pet owners to opt in to a tighter list. For example, you might send out to your entire list an offer of a free report that only cat lovers would download, and then have the subscriber opt in to the ‘cat lovers’ list. This allows you to send that subscriber only cat-related offers and not dog and parrot related offers, and you will increase the sales generated per subscriber. The more you target your lists, the more profits each is capable of.So the bottom line is: Target your niche lists for maximum profits.
Impact of product patent on Indian Pharma industry
With a regulatory system focused only on process patents, helped to establish the foundation of a strong and highly competitive domestic ph
There can be few more sickening feelings than that of realising you have been scammed on eBay. As a user with almost 300 positive feedbacks, I class myself as being honest, upright and trustworthy. But, of course, I know the sort of person I am.And, of course, there are many thousands of eBay users who are just like me. Their communications and spot on, their delivery times are ideal and their goods are top notch. And then you meet the criminals.Ebay criminals come in various guises. There are those that will not stop at anything until they have taken you for all they can get. These people (for some reason often living in Russia, Romania or Nigeria) try to sell you something that they don't even own or try to buy your goods with non-existent funds. They are all scum.But, at the other end of the spectrum are the users that will try and steal a single buck from you - and the experience can be just as distasteful.I am not talking about honest mistakes - we all make those. Goods arrive in the wrong color or size, or are sent to the wrong address or in inadequate packaging. These are learning experiences and, as buyers or sellers, I would hope we would all like to try to eliminate these errors.I'm talking about people like the scammers who try to sell you something and make out it is genuine when in reality it is a fake. DVDs and CDs are good examples. Their auctions are splattered with fine words and images. The illustrations look real and true.It is only when you get the product in your hands that you realise that the item is counterfeit - and even then it can be hard to tell. It is up to the buyer, then, to examine the goods, try to identify a possible fake and then take the steps necessary to rectify the situation.This has happened twice to me recently - two fake DVDs from different sellers. In both cases I rang up the sellers and was given a refund. But why should I phone them - they are the criminals after all. They were the ones that broke the law - the only people I should be phoning is law enforcement.Luckily, eBay are already taking further steps to try and combat, or at least reduce, some of this online auction crime for the good of us all.
Impact of product patent on Indian Pharma industry
With a regulatory system focused only on process patents, helped to establish the foundation of a strong and highly competitive domestic pharmaceutical industry which in the grip of a rigid price control framework transformed into a world supplier of bulk drugs and medicines at affordable prices to common man in India and the developing world. Introduction of product patents will, however, mark the end of a golden age for IPI (Indian Pharmaceutical Industry). The new regulations will reshape the landscape of IPI forcing significant changes and divide within the industry.
A look into organization of pharmaceutical producers of India (OPPI) directory shows only 300 units out of 10,000 registered companies are in the organized sector. While process patent helped to flourish IPI into a world-class generics industry, product patent regime will filter the best from the pack and would be favorable to players with built-in scientific and technical resources. The impact of the new regulations will not deter the Indian pharma majors as they are already doing roaring business in the very countries where these patent laws are strictly in force.
Export markets increasingly drive IPI: in a turnover of US$5 billion, exports constitute $3.2 billion and the industry is poised to grow to $25 billion by 2010. The share of IPI in world pharmaceutical market is 1.0% (ranks 13th) in value and 8% (ranks 4th) in volume terms. The global market for generic drugs is estimated at $27 billion (2001) and the expiry of patents on drugs will be worth $80 billion (2005) offers a huge opportunity to IPI. India today has the largest number of US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug manufacturing facilities outside the US. In addition, Drug Master Files (DMFs) filed by Indian companies with the FDA is 126 higher than Spain, Italy, China and Israel put together. DMF has to be approved by FDA for a drug to enter the US market. Research & Development (R&D) is a key to the strength of pharmaceutical industry especially in the product patent period. The global pharmaceutical industry spent $30.4 billion (2001) on R&D. The R&D expenditure (as a percentage of turnover) by the IPI is low (1.9%) when compared global giants (1016%). With transition into the new regime many Indian companies are mobilizing their resources war chest with an increase in their R&D budget. Government of India (GOI) encouraged the R&D in pharmaceutical companies by extending 10 year tax holiday to this sector. Besides, planning commission has earmarked $34 million towards drug industry R&D promotion fund for the tenth plan.
FDI in India was low in prior Product Pate
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