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Atricle Dump - Coalition of Community Lay Knowledge Systems with Scientific Knowledge Systems
Upper Saddle River, N.J. - September 2004 - Compensation Resources, Inc. has released the results of its 2004 Turnover Survey. The purpose of this study was to obtain turnover statistics and trends. Data was compiled from survey questions that were developed by CRI and distributed to companies in over ten industrial classifications, in addition to Not-for-Profit organizations. The survey sampled turnover data from a variety of organizations, collected in July and August 2004.Results indicated that from May 31, 2003 to May 31, 2004, the average voluntary turnover rate was 11.3%. The majority of respondents indicated this rate has either increased or remained the same, while only 20.9% of participants indicated this rate has decreased in the prior 12-month period. Of all employee functional groups, Administrative level and Production level positions show the highest voluntary turnover rates; however, according to survey participants Administrative and Production level positions also take the shortest amount of time to fill. Overall, the cost of turnover to organizations is on average ? x the employee’s salary to 1x the employee’s salary. Lastly, participants indicated that employees usually leave the organization because
Features of knowledge systems
Knowledge systems in general require firstly process agents that can drive change and development. In this regard Malhotra (2003) identified three process agents namely:
· National institutions; · Frameworks; and · Infrastructure.
The above three agents facilitate the effective use, sharing, creation, and renewal of knowledge required for socio-economic growth. Through knowledge systems, knowledge assets
The fact that nearly every application requiring a conveyor system is unique, it is important to have a basic understanding of the various types of conveyors and the way these conveyors or lift systems work. Some of the applications requiring special lifting solutions include access to and from balconies, mezzanines, basements and in-between levels in multiple story buildings. Other uses include specific exterior and interior applications, high speed production lines and in replacing inclined belt conveyors. The moving of pallets of various items from one area to another is an example of a type of conveyor system that can be very productive. Companies can benefit greatly in cost, safety and efficiency when the proper method of transporting things up, down or sideways is utilized.We will begin with mechanical vertical lifts. These are usually vertical platform lifts designed to handle heavy (30,000 lbs or more) and many times bulky, oversized loads. The carriage (compartment area where the actual items being transported sit) is lifted and lowered by heavy roller chain attached to a mechanical lifting mechanism. Vertical lifts are ideal for transporting large, heavy loads two or more levels and also high volume automated
Knowledge may be considered as an aggregate of knowledge systems. This aggregation includes indigenous or community lay (local or traditional) knowledge systems as well as scientific (formal ways of knowing) knowledge systems. The sum total represents the knowledge assets of a country, which are deemed essential to drive economic growth, competitive advantages, human capital, and quality of life (Malhotra, 2003). Community knowledge systems often provide different types of knowledge classifications based upon the observations, beliefs and experiences of people from a specific environmental location, a need exists to incorporate it into development plans and actions. Incorporating community knowledge sytems into developmental approaches will according to Boven and Morohashi (2002) at least enables local communities to actively participate in the decision-making process of what really works in the daily practices of people living in a specific environment. Active participation by communities contributing localized knowledge gives recognition to the Participatory Action Research approach of synergistic maximization of impact, increased citizen participation and community ownership.
Recently, more recognition is given to the fact that indigenous or community lay knowledge has intrinsic merit, and hold development potential especially for rural area development (Crithley, 2000). However, the effective application and utilization of community lay knowledge in technology development and transfer remains largely unclear despite recognition that it represents a rich body of knowledge for technological innovations.
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide baseline information on how community lay knowledge systems can be applied in technology development and transfer through the process of knowledge creation cooperation, education and innovation in coalition with scientific knowledge systems. Community lay knowledge for the purpose of this article is distinct from scientific knowledge is that community lay knowledge is considered to be more experiential in nature, and includes judgement and common sense which has been acquired with experience. Community lay knowledge is often referred to as practical logic (Craig, 2000).
Features of knowledge systems
Knowledge systems in general require firstly process agents that can drive change and development. In this regard Malhotra (2003) identified three process agents namely:
· National institutions; · Frameworks; and · Infrastructure.
The above three agents facilitate the effective use, sharing, creation, and renewal of knowledge required for socio-economic growth. Through knowledge systems, knowledge assets
Limited Liability Corporations are a non-corporate form of business in which the owners actively take part in the management. They are protected against personal liability in case of organizational debts and obligations.Individual state law governs the creation of any LLC. Members are required to file documents with the Secretary of State. Many states require the filing of articles of organization. The LLC usually starts functioning on the same day that the articles of organization are filed. A filing fee is paid to the Secretary of State. Members have to be careful regarding the various costs that are incurred during the formation and registration of the LLC, to avoid paying repetitive costs and/or fees.These costs include the agent's fee, if any, and the initial incorporation fee. Every time a new member is registered, a fee has to be paid. There are many companies that help people with the process of formation of the LLC. Those who opt to create these companies have to pay for a certified copy of incorporation articles, corporate record book, senior and junior executive service, phone service and mail forwarding. In addition to these, other costs include bank account assistance, supporting office inquiry services and
Recently, more recognition is given to the fact that indigenous or community lay knowledge has intrinsic merit, and hold development potential especially for rural area development (Crithley, 2000). However, the effective application and utilization of community lay knowledge in technology development and transfer remains largely unclear despite recognition that it represents a rich body of knowledge for technological innovations.
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide baseline information on how community lay knowledge systems can be applied in technology development and transfer through the process of knowledge creation cooperation, education and innovation in coalition with scientific knowledge systems. Community lay knowledge for the purpose of this article is distinct from scientific knowledge is that community lay knowledge is considered to be more experiential in nature, and includes judgement and common sense which has been acquired with experience. Community lay knowledge is often referred to as practical logic (Craig, 2000).
Features of knowledge systems
Knowledge systems in general require firstly process agents that can drive change and development. In this regard Malhotra (2003) identified three process agents namely:
· National institutions; · Frameworks; and · Infrastructure.
The above three agents facilitate the effective use, sharing, creation, and renewal of knowledge required for socio-economic growth. Through knowledge systems, knowledge assets
With the right product or service, traditional radio is a great medium for marketing, but has a very short shelf life. Traditional radio can be costly and limits you to a thirty to sixty second spot.A great alternative is Internet radio, also known as Web radio. As the name implies, web radio is a broadcasting service transmitted via the Internet. Although some web radio stations correspond with a traditional radio station, many web stations are completely independent and only broadcast on the Internet. Internet radio is an extremely cost-effective way to market and promote your products and services. Whether your genre is business, women’s issues, spiritual, health, wellness, financial, or dog training, you will find shows of every description looking for guests. Some web radio programs will charge you a fee to be a guest, but most do not cost anything. If you choose to pay for a guest spot, the fee can be put under the category of advertising costs. If you are going to invest financially, whether it is $5 or $500, do your homework to find out if the investment will be beneficial. In some cases, the investment will be well worth it. But if you are not careful, you can foolishly spend money and gain little or no return o
Recently, more recognition is given to the fact that indigenous or community lay knowledge has intrinsic merit, and hold development potential especially for rural area development (Crithley, 2000). However, the effective application and utilization of community lay knowledge in technology development and transfer remains largely unclear despite recognition that it represents a rich body of knowledge for technological innovations.
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide baseline information on how community lay knowledge systems can be applied in technology development and transfer through the process of knowledge creation cooperation, education and innovation in coalition with scientific knowledge systems. Community lay knowledge for the purpose of this article is distinct from scientific knowledge is that community lay knowledge is considered to be more experiential in nature, and includes judgement and common sense which has been acquired with experience. Community lay knowledge is often referred to as practical logic (Craig, 2000).
Features of knowledge systems
Knowledge systems in general require firstly process agents that can drive change and development. In this regard Malhotra (2003) identified three process agents namely:
· National institutions; · Frameworks; and · Infrastructure.
The above three agents facilitate the effective use, sharing, creation, and renewal of knowledge required for socio-economic growth. Through knowledge systems, knowledge assets
Executive gifts used to be a nice pen or a nice meal, today it's more common to give a Tag Heuer or Baume and Mercier Watch or Swarofski Crystal. If you think business is tough take a look at what's happening in the executive gift and promotional products market.When people used to think promotional products for their business, they advertised on a pen or calendar and got a great return on their money in the 60's and 70's. With the 80's and the explosion of corporate wealth more was expected. Wall street bonuses were frequently dolling out BMW's, Porsche's, Ferrari's, Rolex's and other expensive gifts. Those in the promotional product industry jumped on this trend. They convinced high end luxury manufacturers and distributors that they were missing out on a huge growing market. With business deals today running in the hundreds of thousand and millions, and competition fierce, every body is looking for a way to differentiate themselves.After returning from the largest promotional product show of the year, I noticed the number of retailers and manufacturers of high end luxury items who had booths, has exploded. Tag Heuer, Baume Mercier, Swarofski, Movado, Sharper Image, Coach, The Gap, Liz Claiborne, Nike, and Reebok were
The purpose of this article is to provide baseline information on how community lay knowledge systems can be applied in technology development and transfer through the process of knowledge creation cooperation, education and innovation in coalition with scientific knowledge systems. Community lay knowledge for the purpose of this article is distinct from scientific knowledge is that community lay knowledge is considered to be more experiential in nature, and includes judgement and common sense which has been acquired with experience. Community lay knowledge is often referred to as practical logic (Craig, 2000).
Features of knowledge systems
Knowledge systems in general require firstly process agents that can drive change and development. In this regard Malhotra (2003) identified three process agents namely:
· National institutions; · Frameworks; and · Infrastructure.
The above three agents facilitate the effective use, sharing, creation, and renewal of knowledge required for socio-economic growth. Through knowledge systems, knowledge assets
You don’t need any specific kind of experience to be a Mystery Shopper. However, before you take the plunge to become one, you should carefully introspect and evaluate your skills.Certain personal qualities are instrumental in becoming a good mystery shopper:Good communication skills both verbal and written. You need written skills to report your experiences in a comprehensible manner and verbal skills to carry on basic conversation with the employees of the businesses you visit. You should have the ability to meet deadlines and commitments .Remember, Mystery Shopping Companies want reliable and responsible shoppers. You should be good with e-mail and attachments, and have basic word processing and data entry skills. When on an assignment, you need to be like a fly on the wall. You have to be observant yet unnoticed. Make sure you are good at it. You can earn some brownie points if you have any prior work experience in market research, finance or retail. But if you don’t have it, don’t panic. Its not a mandatory condition. So relax! You can still be a Mystery Shopper.Besides this, Mystery Shopping Companies expect you fulfill certain basic requiremen
Features of knowledge systems
Knowledge systems in general require firstly process agents that can drive change and development. In this regard Malhotra (2003) identified three process agents namely:
· National institutions; · Frameworks; and · Infrastructure.
The above three agents facilitate the effective use, sharing, creation, and renewal of knowledge required for socio-economic growth. Through knowledge systems, knowledge assets are created that eventually manifested in technologies, competencies and capabilities causing the creation of new services and products. Normally, community lay knowledge systems are severely resource constrained regarding the possession of process agents.
Secondly, knowledge systems may differ in methodology and classification. Whereas scientific knowledge systems normally represents a top-down transfer of expert knowledge from research institutions to beneficiaries (Oudwater and Martin, 2003), the filtering of community lay knowledge into the scientific body of knowledge represents a bottom-up knowledge transfer approach. This according to Ansari et al (2002) provides a conducive knowledge base in which external knowledge of scientists combines with community assets leading to balancing of internal versus external diffusion of skills through a community. Community lay knowledge classification of knowledge may also differ from the classification systems used by scientists. A classical example is the different approaches used in soil classification used by farmers versus scientists. For most farmers the principle criterion by which soil is recognized and described is surface texture e.g. sand, clay or loam content. Soil surveyors on the other hand would tend to classify the soil in terms of subsurface properties (Oudwater and Martin, 2003).
Thirdly, knowledge systems should as a purpose add value to the lives of communities by continuously facilitating best practice operations. According to Boven and Morohashi (2002) best practices using indigenous knowledge should at least possess the following characteristics:
· The practice should be innovative in nature in the sense that it has developed new and creative solutions to common problems experienced by a community; · The practice has a positive impact on the living conditions, quality of life or environment of the individuals, groups or communities concerned; · The practice should have a sustainable effect; and · The practice should have the potential to be a source of inspiration to others.
The value added role of indigenous knowledge systems can be best explained in terms of its virtues (Craig, 2000):<
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