Tags |
|
|
Links |
|
|
Atricle Dump - Natural Dyes
Of course my wife said I didn't know what I was doing and my friends also were skeptical and thought that I was completely wasting my time.Yet I was on a mission and determined to build a business and make it a success and build it on my own. Sure I wanted to have the extra cash rolling in, but money wasn't the only reason I decided to start. I simply couldn't stomach the idea of working for someone else for the rest of my life in a job that I hated.So I said who cares what other people think and I began working part time out of my basement. I chose affiliate programs on the internet because I heard you could start with little capital or investment.And as you'll see below, it wasn't long before I realized that I'd made the right decision to start a business.Cash By EmailI started with an initial investment of $500 and advertising for another $100. In less than 3 months, I was able to quit my day job and was taking in up to $5000 per week...More that $200,000 A Year!.Some days the cash would pour into my email so quick, that I had to get my wife involved as my assistant to keep track of everything coming into the bank account.By this time, my wife had already forgotten about her initial doubts about my internet business and was telling all her friends that I was right all along. The best thing of all, was throwing a party for all of those skeptical friends and neighbors - the one with the pool in the backyard.Yes, the internet business is a fabulous business. You can come up with an idea and market your idea to the world with very little cost. Your ideas strike like a bolt of lightning.Suddenly you are flooded with cash orders from all over the world and have more money than you know what to do with.Like the internet newbie mom who began with $500 that she stole off her credit cards and within a 5 weeks was making over $10,000 per month from her home in her spare time. Another beginner, a 23 year old kid in college, started an online blog at his college and took home $30,000 in his first three months.It's an amazing business running ads on adwords getting traffic to your website and watching your bank account fill up with cash. Orders are coming in from all over the world like clockwork. There is no other business where you can start on a shoestring budget and make enough money to quit your day job in a few weeks.The secret of internet marketing lies in the power of automatic systems and direct response marketing that only a few of the top internet marketers even know about. You can get thousands of
Few examples of obtaining natural dyes from various sources
Indigo: Still used by many block printers and dyers in the villages of India, Indigo gives shades of blue and some greens. Workers today utilize the same method used since olden times for natural indigo dyeing. Indigo is made in large vats made of clay that can contain at least 1000 liters of dye. These are sunken into the ground and this gives a consistent temperature to make the dye work. The indigo dye bath is prepared by using molasses and lime, and then preserved for around six months until it is exhausted. The cloth is constantly dipped and immersed in the vat and then exposed to the air to make different intensities of blue color.
White patterns in textiles are retained by making a paste from clay mixed with wheat chaff and tree gum. The paste restricts the dye from entering the covered areas. Indigo simply binds and connects with the fibres and through washing and friction some of the indigo molecules break away. This is why Indigo rubs off on your skin and can also be cleaned easily.
Turmeric & Pomegranate: Boiled pomegranate peels and turmeric powder are mixed to make yellow color. It is also used for over dying blue fabric to create green color.
Writing white papers is not an easy task for most companies, but every company needs them to effectively educate and market their products and services to potential customers. In many cases, white papers contain additional information and extra analyses, which aren’t included in other advertising or marketing materials. Your business can utilize white papers to reach a wider audience, but first you need to ask yourself these important questions:1-Who is your audience? Make sure you analyze and define your audience, so you can effectively convey your technical or business concepts to the reader. If needed, you can include an extra section of your paper called “Intended Audience” in the body of your white paper.2-Did you create an outline? It’s a good idea to structure your white paper accordingly, so that you present a solution to your business/industry problem. To use your time wisely, I would recommend that you get your outline reviewed by experts of the subject before writing the entire paper. Make sure to have supporting evidence to support your argument as well. Key components of a white paper should include the cover page, executive summary, table of contents, body, summary & call to action, and lastly, the author’s biography or works cited page. It is important to make sure that your executive summary is clear and understandable, so that the reader can follow your in-depth description of your business problem in the following sections of your white paper.3-Did you explain your diagrams or flow charts? Many white papers include diagrams and flow charts. These require a thorough description and explanation. Make sure these diagrams are easy to follow and not too technical for the reader.4-What kind of writing style are you using? White papers are essentially marketing materials, but a little more meaty. Make sure the white paper is readable, but also beware of marketing-speak. White papers are typically more formal, but try to minimize technical jargon. Also, in developing the style of your white paper, you should also identify what type of white paper you’re writing.5-What is the length? The shorter your paper, the better. You want to make sure that the paper explains the complexity of your product or method, but it should never be longer than 15-pages.For more information on white paper guidelines:http://www.whitepapersource.com/writing/7steps.htmlhttp://www.klariti.com/business-writing/more-guidelines-white-papers.shtmlhttp://www.nwcg.gov/teams/pmo/products/documen
Dyeing is a very ancient art. It was practiced during the Bronze Age in Europe, Asia and many other regions and countries. Primitive dyeing methods involved sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments to the cloth. The procedures became more sophisticated with time as techniques of applying natural dyes from crushed fruits, berries and other plants, which were boiled into the fabric and gave light and water fastness, were developed.
Some of the recognized olden dyes include madder, a red dye made from the roots of the Rubia tinctorum, blue indigo from the leaves of Indigofera tinctoria, yellow from the stigmas of the saffron plant, turmeric and dogwood pulp. The first application of the blue dye, woad, favorite of the Ancient Britons, may have originated in Palestine where it was found largely. Though many natural dyes are made from metals, for example natural black color is made from recycled horseshoes and molasses, red is made from aluminum sulphate and red earth.
Eco-friendly, economical aspects of dye
Today, dyeing has become a specialized science and has a very complex functioning. Almost all dyestuffs are now made from synthetic compounds. This denotes that costs have highly decreased and many application and wear characteristics have largely improved. But many practitioners of the craft of natural dying still believe that natural dyes have a better visual quality, which is much more delightful to the eye. In the West, natural dyeing is now used only in handcrafts, whereas synthetic dyes are used in all commercial aspects. Some craft spinners, weavers and knitters use natural dyes for making specific features of their work. Though, in many of the developing countries natural dyes can provide not only a prosperous and wide-ranging source of dyestuff, but also the likelihood of an income through sustainable harvest and sale of these dye plants. Many dyes are prepared from tree waste or can be simply grown in market gardens. Natural dyes can provide attractive options, where relatively expensive synthetic dyes, mordant (fixatives) and other additives are imported.
The knowledge needed for finding and extracting such dyes and mordant does often not exist, as far-reaching research work is needed to recognize appropriate plants, minerals, etc. For example, there are a variety of plants available for making natural dyes in Zambia, but because of lack of knowledge of the practice implicated in harvesting and processing the plants; little utilization is done for this natural resource. In some countries, such as India, Nigeria and Liberia, where this research has been done extensively, or where there is easy accessibility of natural dyeing, natural dyes and mordant are used widely.
The main colors used are black from iron sulphate, blue from the Indigo plant and yellow from turmeric and pomegranate rind and peels. The rest of the colors are obtained from these kinds of natural resources as mentioned in the table.
Sources of natural dyes
Specialist plant and animal sources Many plants and some animals have been identified for making natural dyes. A range of parts of plants like roots, stems, barks, leaves, fruits and seeds are generally used. By-products (Particularly lac dye): The lac industry provides lac dye as a by-product, which is taken from the effluent. Likewise from cassia tora, utilized in gum production, a brown dye is obtained as a by-product.
Chemical mixture: It is a mixture of dyes of molecular structure similar to those of natural dyes. Cell or tissue culture by DNA transfer technology: A few fungi such as Drechslera and Trichoderma make anthraquinone derivatives. Anthraquinone is a significant type of dye, where exploiting the fungi would be helpful over their chemical mixtures.
Natural dyestuffs
Since olden times, dyestuffs and dyeing are used in textiles and garments. Nature gives prosperity to plants which in turn offer their color for the purpose of dyeing, many being used since ancient times.
More or less any organic material will create a color when boiled in a dye-bath, but only few plants will give a color that will work as a dye. The plants provided in Table 1 are a selection of a few plants, which are widely used traditionally as natural dyers. Natural dyes are obtained from the following categories:
Leaves and stems
Twigs and pruning
Flower heads
Barks
Roots
Outer skins, hulls and husks
Heartwoods and wood shavings
Berries and seeds
Lichens
Insect dyes
Few examples of obtaining natural dyes from various sources
Indigo: Still used by many block printers and dyers in the villages of India, Indigo gives shades of blue and some greens. Workers today utilize the same method used since olden times for natural indigo dyeing. Indigo is made in large vats made of clay that can contain at least 1000 liters of dye. These are sunken into the ground and this gives a consistent temperature to make the dye work. The indigo dye bath is prepared by using molasses and lime, and then preserved for around six months until it is exhausted. The cloth is constantly dipped and immersed in the vat and then exposed to the air to make different intensities of blue color.
White patterns in textiles are retained by making a paste from clay mixed with wheat chaff and tree gum. The paste restricts the dye from entering the covered areas. Indigo simply binds and connects with the fibres and through washing and friction some of the indigo molecules break away. This is why Indigo rubs off on your skin and can also be cleaned easily.
Turmeric & Pomegranate: Boiled pomegranate peels and turmeric powder are mixed to make yellow color. It is also used for over dying blue fabric to create green color.
<In this installment of DME software for medical billing, we're going to cover one of the most important parts of the system, updates.As much as medical billers would like the DME and medical billing industry to be stagnant, that is just not the case. Regulations are constantly changing as well as prices, diagnosis codes, procedure codes, electronic billing specifications and on and on. So what does one do when they just got the latest software and one week later Medicare pricing for wheelchairs has just changed? That's where updates are so important.In the DME system, there are a number of updates and not all of them are done at the same time. Some are done monthly, some quarterly and some are done whenever needed. For example, diagnosis codes and procedure codes are usually updated on a quarterly basis. These updates, however, are not automatically done by the system. Each DME system is different. Some have updates that you get via the mail in the form of a CD and have to install yourself. Other systems have updates that you can get via the Internet. In most cases, these updates are not included with the software package and not free. You need to subscribe to the service in order to get them. This is particularly true with diagnosis codes and procedure codes.In the matter of electronic billing module updates, these usually are included with the purchase of the electronic billing package for each carrier. Part of the contract that comes with these modules includes updates for life. Usually there is a small yearly fee to get them. Some companies actually provide free updates because the software itself is so expensive.In the matter of price changes, these work a little differently. Prices for Medicare and Medicaid allowables usually don't change often. Usually, they only change once a year. Sometimes they may not change for a couple of years. These updates, because they are so seldom, usually are included with the software at no extra charge, though you can bet that the actual cost of the software has these updates factored into the price at the time of purchase.And then there are odds and ends updates for things such forms. Medical billing forms are always changing because the carriers are always trying to find better ways to do things. One of the most nerve wracking jobs of the biller is to keep up with all the forms changes. Because these changes occur so often, the actual changes to the software are done on an as needed basis and the charges are per form. This is where the software makers usually make a good deal of their
Eco-friendly, economical aspects of dye
Today, dyeing has become a specialized science and has a very complex functioning. Almost all dyestuffs are now made from synthetic compounds. This denotes that costs have highly decreased and many application and wear characteristics have largely improved. But many practitioners of the craft of natural dying still believe that natural dyes have a better visual quality, which is much more delightful to the eye. In the West, natural dyeing is now used only in handcrafts, whereas synthetic dyes are used in all commercial aspects. Some craft spinners, weavers and knitters use natural dyes for making specific features of their work. Though, in many of the developing countries natural dyes can provide not only a prosperous and wide-ranging source of dyestuff, but also the likelihood of an income through sustainable harvest and sale of these dye plants. Many dyes are prepared from tree waste or can be simply grown in market gardens. Natural dyes can provide attractive options, where relatively expensive synthetic dyes, mordant (fixatives) and other additives are imported.
The knowledge needed for finding and extracting such dyes and mordant does often not exist, as far-reaching research work is needed to recognize appropriate plants, minerals, etc. For example, there are a variety of plants available for making natural dyes in Zambia, but because of lack of knowledge of the practice implicated in harvesting and processing the plants; little utilization is done for this natural resource. In some countries, such as India, Nigeria and Liberia, where this research has been done extensively, or where there is easy accessibility of natural dyeing, natural dyes and mordant are used widely.
The main colors used are black from iron sulphate, blue from the Indigo plant and yellow from turmeric and pomegranate rind and peels. The rest of the colors are obtained from these kinds of natural resources as mentioned in the table.
Sources of natural dyes
Specialist plant and animal sources Many plants and some animals have been identified for making natural dyes. A range of parts of plants like roots, stems, barks, leaves, fruits and seeds are generally used. By-products (Particularly lac dye): The lac industry provides lac dye as a by-product, which is taken from the effluent. Likewise from cassia tora, utilized in gum production, a brown dye is obtained as a by-product.
Chemical mixture: It is a mixture of dyes of molecular structure similar to those of natural dyes. Cell or tissue culture by DNA transfer technology: A few fungi such as Drechslera and Trichoderma make anthraquinone derivatives. Anthraquinone is a significant type of dye, where exploiting the fungi would be helpful over their chemical mixtures.
Natural dyestuffs
Since olden times, dyestuffs and dyeing are used in textiles and garments. Nature gives prosperity to plants which in turn offer their color for the purpose of dyeing, many being used since ancient times.
More or less any organic material will create a color when boiled in a dye-bath, but only few plants will give a color that will work as a dye. The plants provided in Table 1 are a selection of a few plants, which are widely used traditionally as natural dyers. Natural dyes are obtained from the following categories:
Leaves and stems
Twigs and pruning
Flower heads
Barks
Roots
Outer skins, hulls and husks
Heartwoods and wood shavings
Berries and seeds
Lichens
Insect dyes
Few examples of obtaining natural dyes from various sources
Indigo: Still used by many block printers and dyers in the villages of India, Indigo gives shades of blue and some greens. Workers today utilize the same method used since olden times for natural indigo dyeing. Indigo is made in large vats made of clay that can contain at least 1000 liters of dye. These are sunken into the ground and this gives a consistent temperature to make the dye work. The indigo dye bath is prepared by using molasses and lime, and then preserved for around six months until it is exhausted. The cloth is constantly dipped and immersed in the vat and then exposed to the air to make different intensities of blue color.
White patterns in textiles are retained by making a paste from clay mixed with wheat chaff and tree gum. The paste restricts the dye from entering the covered areas. Indigo simply binds and connects with the fibres and through washing and friction some of the indigo molecules break away. This is why Indigo rubs off on your skin and can also be cleaned easily.
Turmeric & Pomegranate: Boiled pomegranate peels and turmeric powder are mixed to make yellow color. It is also used for over dying blue fabric to create green color.
In Part 4 we discuss the idea of designs that are similar for home and office.Architectural Designs Intersecting with Home LifeI believe that there will be a "blending" of the home and work office. There is an increased need for "home" offices to be set up in a similar fashion to the office for telecommuters and those who work at home. There are many who regularly correspond with people on other continents and they are going to require a setup to enhance this.I see home offices that mimic the office to make it more comfortable and convenient to work from home. People will be more open to spending their own money on higher quality items such as ergo chairs (not the kind at the office superstore!), keyboards, mice, etc. for themselves so they can work with increased comfort and higher levels of productivity.Today they spend money on expensive gadgets for their home and nice cars and soon they will realize that it just makes sense to spend money to work in comfort.The "office" setup will be designed to be homier. There is a need for workers to feel good and be inspired in their surroundings. I see chairs that workers can rest in, read and have phone conversations in…in addition to their task chair.Whether at home or office the design must offer the feeling of spaciousness, perhaps with a small fountain, music, spring water fountain, software that alerts the worker to take a break and rest and rest their body.Many of the offices that I have consulted in have been downright depressing with plain white walls, old carpet, and hospital like hallways.In order for people to be more productive (and that is what we are really talking about here- Increased Productivity for increased profits) they must be able to work in comfort and in surroundings that help spur their creativity and energy instead of take-away from it.I see arm bikes at the end of every hall so that people can walk away from their computer after sitting for a specific length of time or to just let their mind work in the background on a challenge they have been having. The mind has a way of finding solutions when it is at rest.The regular use arm bikes will offer the additional advantage of "inner office" (body) exercise increasing the oxygen and blood flow to all parts of the body affected by computer use.Aching wrists, back and shoulders need regular rest from computer work and the increased oxygen and blood helps to heal the discomfort and increases the brain's capacity to problem solve.I also see specially designed rooms for relaxation, medit
The knowledge needed for finding and extracting such dyes and mordant does often not exist, as far-reaching research work is needed to recognize appropriate plants, minerals, etc. For example, there are a variety of plants available for making natural dyes in Zambia, but because of lack of knowledge of the practice implicated in harvesting and processing the plants; little utilization is done for this natural resource. In some countries, such as India, Nigeria and Liberia, where this research has been done extensively, or where there is easy accessibility of natural dyeing, natural dyes and mordant are used widely.
The main colors used are black from iron sulphate, blue from the Indigo plant and yellow from turmeric and pomegranate rind and peels. The rest of the colors are obtained from these kinds of natural resources as mentioned in the table.
Sources of natural dyes
Specialist plant and animal sources Many plants and some animals have been identified for making natural dyes. A range of parts of plants like roots, stems, barks, leaves, fruits and seeds are generally used. By-products (Particularly lac dye): The lac industry provides lac dye as a by-product, which is taken from the effluent. Likewise from cassia tora, utilized in gum production, a brown dye is obtained as a by-product.
Chemical mixture: It is a mixture of dyes of molecular structure similar to those of natural dyes. Cell or tissue culture by DNA transfer technology: A few fungi such as Drechslera and Trichoderma make anthraquinone derivatives. Anthraquinone is a significant type of dye, where exploiting the fungi would be helpful over their chemical mixtures.
Natural dyestuffs
Since olden times, dyestuffs and dyeing are used in textiles and garments. Nature gives prosperity to plants which in turn offer their color for the purpose of dyeing, many being used since ancient times.
More or less any organic material will create a color when boiled in a dye-bath, but only few plants will give a color that will work as a dye. The plants provided in Table 1 are a selection of a few plants, which are widely used traditionally as natural dyers. Natural dyes are obtained from the following categories:
Leaves and stems
Twigs and pruning
Flower heads
Barks
Roots
Outer skins, hulls and husks
Heartwoods and wood shavings
Berries and seeds
Lichens
Insect dyes
Few examples of obtaining natural dyes from various sources
Indigo: Still used by many block printers and dyers in the villages of India, Indigo gives shades of blue and some greens. Workers today utilize the same method used since olden times for natural indigo dyeing. Indigo is made in large vats made of clay that can contain at least 1000 liters of dye. These are sunken into the ground and this gives a consistent temperature to make the dye work. The indigo dye bath is prepared by using molasses and lime, and then preserved for around six months until it is exhausted. The cloth is constantly dipped and immersed in the vat and then exposed to the air to make different intensities of blue color.
White patterns in textiles are retained by making a paste from clay mixed with wheat chaff and tree gum. The paste restricts the dye from entering the covered areas. Indigo simply binds and connects with the fibres and through washing and friction some of the indigo molecules break away. This is why Indigo rubs off on your skin and can also be cleaned easily.
Turmeric & Pomegranate: Boiled pomegranate peels and turmeric powder are mixed to make yellow color. It is also used for over dying blue fabric to create green color.
Expand Your Business through Online Exposure There are many strategies to improve your business profits. advertising is the key to improve your business revenue. Expose your company online. The internet is a great place to get advice on how to make your business more profitable. Turning your business into an internet marketing company will be very profitable. Directory submission services will make company rank high on the search engines. By showing your items internet marketing companies the percentages wil be higher to make more profit. Easy advertising is signage of what you are promoting. If you advertise online it is even better then advertising on television. More percentage of shoppers makes your business more money. More people who view your online business will actually make your business more plentiful. Getting your sight to rank in the top ten of search engines is very competitive.Many have directory submission services. Other sites may use a tool called search engine optimization. This is better known as s.e.o. There will be more traffic to your website which will rank your company high on the search engines. Getting on the first page of the search engines will make your business more profitable. Ranking is another word for this. Higher ranking equals more traffic which equals increase in sales. The more abundance of searchers who visit your site will generate more money for your site. Online marketing is a huge compliment to any online marketing company. without this internet marketing tips your business may not get the proper exposure it needs to compete with all the other companies selling the same. Inviting shoppers to your website will generate more revenue.The more exposure your internet business has the better percentage it will have to make more sales. There are many internet marketing tips that you can obtain from the internet as well. Some tips will help you maximize your exposure on the internet and other tips will provide examples on how to manage or start and online marketing com. Sometimes it will take two months to see some change but i guarantee once your site is maxed out to its potential and exposure your site will definitly grow. if your business is not getting the visibility it needs it will never grow to your expectations. Most online marketing companies use a directory submission service to enhance their exposure on the internet. Without having the boost your business needs will have a great effect on how profitable your business will be. Sometimes the profit you will see is acceptable if your website is competitive but if you
Chemical mixture: It is a mixture of dyes of molecular structure similar to those of natural dyes. Cell or tissue culture by DNA transfer technology: A few fungi such as Drechslera and Trichoderma make anthraquinone derivatives. Anthraquinone is a significant type of dye, where exploiting the fungi would be helpful over their chemical mixtures.
Natural dyestuffs
Since olden times, dyestuffs and dyeing are used in textiles and garments. Nature gives prosperity to plants which in turn offer their color for the purpose of dyeing, many being used since ancient times.
More or less any organic material will create a color when boiled in a dye-bath, but only few plants will give a color that will work as a dye. The plants provided in Table 1 are a selection of a few plants, which are widely used traditionally as natural dyers. Natural dyes are obtained from the following categories:
Leaves and stems
Twigs and pruning
Flower heads
Barks
Roots
Outer skins, hulls and husks
Heartwoods and wood shavings
Berries and seeds
Lichens
Insect dyes
Few examples of obtaining natural dyes from various sources
Indigo: Still used by many block printers and dyers in the villages of India, Indigo gives shades of blue and some greens. Workers today utilize the same method used since olden times for natural indigo dyeing. Indigo is made in large vats made of clay that can contain at least 1000 liters of dye. These are sunken into the ground and this gives a consistent temperature to make the dye work. The indigo dye bath is prepared by using molasses and lime, and then preserved for around six months until it is exhausted. The cloth is constantly dipped and immersed in the vat and then exposed to the air to make different intensities of blue color.
White patterns in textiles are retained by making a paste from clay mixed with wheat chaff and tree gum. The paste restricts the dye from entering the covered areas. Indigo simply binds and connects with the fibres and through washing and friction some of the indigo molecules break away. This is why Indigo rubs off on your skin and can also be cleaned easily.
Turmeric & Pomegranate: Boiled pomegranate peels and turmeric powder are mixed to make yellow color. It is also used for over dying blue fabric to create green color.
International Scams and the new MethodologySo you've heard about the Nigeria 419 scam, and about the Russian and Philippine brides-to-be scamming American and European men out of thousands. You're street smart, and you're not going to fall for some foolish game. You won't be sending money off to Africa. You wonder, how can anyone be so foolish, to send thousands of dollars off to Ghana, Nigeria, Russia, the Philippines, Colombia or South Africa, to someone they've never even met? All you need is a little common sense, you say. But, is it really that simple to prevent? Does it really take a fool?There are approximately 2 billion Internet users worldwide. Many have just recently discovered the world wide web. Many are senior citizens, many are honest, hard working and trusting folks who expect the same of others. The truth is, advance fee fraud has come along way since the early days of emails claiming the individual has won big, or has been selected to participate in an amazing business opportunity, with the only catch being the advance fee to release the winnings, the cash, etc. Sure, the public is more educated now about scams. So, why then is the number of victims rising rapidly in almost every country in the world?Wymoo International recently reported on the methodology and fraud schemes employed, and how so many intelligent people worldwide become victims. According to David Wilkerson, Vice President, "criminals have evolved advance fee fraud into endless variations and use sophisticated techniques to conceal their identity. They seek out their victims on dating websites such as Match.com and countless others, where they proceed to establish long and seemingly meaningful relationships via the Internet. They make phone calls to the victim; they send flowers; they send email and instant messages. In other words, they invest significant time in their scam and victim. They may claim to be a doctor or relief worker in Africa. They may claim to be in love and making arrangements to leave the country. Or, they may have been in a terrible accident and need financial support, etc." In response to whether or not it takes a fool, Wilkerson replied that "victims are from all walks of life, doctors, lawyers, corporate executives, pilots to single mothers. Bottom line is that the criminals are professionals and very convincing." A scammer may work a plot for up to 6 months or even 1 year before requesting money. And a professional scammer in Africa or E. Europe can earn up to $200,000 USD annually.What does all this mean? Approach relationships via the Inte
Few examples of obtaining natural dyes from various sources
Indigo: Still used by many block printers and dyers in the villages of India, Indigo gives shades of blue and some greens. Workers today utilize the same method used since olden times for natural indigo dyeing. Indigo is made in large vats made of clay that can contain at least 1000 liters of dye. These are sunken into the ground and this gives a consistent temperature to make the dye work. The indigo dye bath is prepared by using molasses and lime, and then preserved for around six months until it is exhausted. The cloth is constantly dipped and immersed in the vat and then exposed to the air to make different intensities of blue color.
White patterns in textiles are retained by making a paste from clay mixed with wheat chaff and tree gum. The paste restricts the dye from entering the covered areas. Indigo simply binds and connects with the fibres and through washing and friction some of the indigo molecules break away. This is why Indigo rubs off on your skin and can also be cleaned easily.
Turmeric & Pomegranate: Boiled pomegranate peels and turmeric powder are mixed to make yellow color. It is also used for over dying blue fabric to create green color.
Natural Black Dying: In various parts of the world, the color black is made in various ways and different shades and hues. As a result, a variety of shades varying from dark plum to blue black and snake black to soot black are obtained. Indian dyes are well-known for their special application of alum and iron metallic salts that capture red and black. Iron is utilized as a mordant for black in dyeing with madder and other dying plants. In India, the syahi (mordant) is made by fermenting iron or iron oxide in rusted iron in molasses (gur), tannin, or jaggery for a period of several days. The craftsmen judge when the mordant is ready by the familiar tang in the smell. The mordant has to be applied at the proper moment of fermentation if the best performance is to be achieved. After the process a reddish black color is obtained. Jet black is obtained by adding any yellow or yellowish green mordant dye to the process. When mixed with madder, it gives red.
Mordant
Only some natural dyes are color-fast with fibres. Mordant are substances which are applied to fix a dye to the fibres. They also increase the take-up quality of the fabric and support it by increasing color and light-fastness. Many natural dyes, for example indigo, set without the help of a mordant. Such dyes are defined as ??substantive dyes?¦. Other dyes, such as madder and weld, have a limited fastness and the color lightens with cleaning and exposure to light.
Mordant are found in nature. For example, wood ash or stale urine may have been utilized as an alkali mordant and acids could be found in acidic fruits or rhubarb leaves. Nowadays the majority natural dyers use chemical mordant such as alum, copper sulphate, iron or chrome.
Mordant are made in solution, usually with the addition of an 'assistant' which increases the fixing of the mordant to the yarn or fibre. In general, the most commonly used mordant is alum, which is normally applied with cream of tartar as an additive or assistant. Other mordant are:
. Iron (ferrous sulphate)
. Tin (stannous chloride)
. Chrome (bichromate of potash)
. Copper sulphate
. Tannic acid
. Oxalic acid
Using a variety of mordant with the same dyestuff can create different shades, for example;
. Iron is used as a 'saddener' and also to darken colors.
. Copper sulphate darkens and can also provide shades which are otherwise very difficult to obtain.
. Tin perks up colors.
. Tannic acid used with other mordant adds brightness.
. Chrome is good for obtaining yellows.
. Oxalic acid is ideal for extracting blues from berries.
. Cream of Tartar is not really a mordant, but is applied to provide luster to wool.
Mordant are normally poisonous, so it is advisable that in the dye-house they should be kept at the right place. When working with mordant, one should always wear protective clothing and avoid breathing the fumes. The mordant can be added before, during or after the dyeing stage, although much care should be taken prior to dyeing. It is appropriate to follow the instructions according to the use and process.
As against these mordant, there are a number of plants and minerals which can give good mordant. Some of the common options are as mentioned below.
Some plants, such as mosses and tea, contain a small amount of aluminium. This can be used as an alternative to alum. It is hard to recognize how much quantity of aluminium will be present.
. Iron water can be used as an option for ferrous sulphate.
. Oak galls or sumach leaves can be used as an alternate to tannic acid.
. Rhubarb leaves possess oxalic acid.
The selection of mordant for a specific plant is dependant upon the material with which it will be used. It is necessary to ensure a recipe before using a plant. It is suggested that plants be grown particularly for the use of dyeing.
Textile fibers and dyeing
Natural dyes can be used for majority types of material or fibre, but the standard of success in terms of fastness and clarity of color differs significantly. Users of natural dyes, though, are likely to also use natural fibres. Natural fibres are available mainly in two distinct origins, animal origin or vegetable origin. Fibres from an animal origin cover wool, silk, mohair and alpaca, as well as some others which are less accepted. While animal fibres are based on proteins, natural dyes have a well-built attraction to fibres of animal origin, particularly wool, silk and mohair and the outcome of these fibres are normally excellent. Fibres of plant origin include cotton, flax or linen, ramie, jute, hemp and many others. Plant fibres possess cellulose as their basic ingredient. Natural dyeing of such plant based textiles can be less gleeful than their animal equivalent. Various mordant methods are used for each category. When a mixture of fibre of both animal and plant origin is being dyed, then a method should be selected which will stress on the fibre which is required to be dominant.
Dye testing
HTTP = HTML link (for blogs, profiles,phorums):
<a href="http://www.articledump.net/article/1945/articledump-Natural-Dyes.html">Natural Dyes</a>
BB link (for phorums):
[url=http://www.articledump.net/article/1945/articledump-Natural-Dyes.html]Natural Dyes[/url]
Related Articles:
Overcome Traditions That Delay Improvements
Finding the Right T-shirt Supplier for T-Shirt Printing
Bookmark it:
|