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Atricle Dump - Importance of Screening For Diabetes and it's Associated Complications
Metal detectors are electronic equipments used to locate metal objects that are hidden in baggage, ground or on the person?s body. Metal detectors are used for various purposes such as security maintenance, item recovery, archaeological exploration, and geological research. Main parts of metal detectors are control box, shaft, and search coil. Control box which has speaker, batteries, and microprocessor coordinates all activities. The performances of the detectors depend on the features of various parts. Best rated metal detectors are classified according to their performances.Metal detectors commonly used in airports, hotels, government buildings, and other public places are of the walk-through type. Best rated walk through metal detectors have high target selection, low rate of false alarm, consistent detection, and a two way directional system. Some models that are market favourites have one eighth of an inch thick aluminium shielding panels, which are highly sensitive and easy to handle. Portable walk through model is a b
Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage): Person with diabetes are several times more prone to kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, (tiny amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include Protein in the urine, High blood pressure, burning during urination, frequent urination, puffiness and swelling
The Internet has fast become the number one choice for commerce for both business owners and consumers. Consumers enjoy avoiding traffic, convenient payments, and instant gratification. While business owners enjoy working from home, low overhead costs, and securing their own future rather than the future of a boss or company.Although just about anyone can jump on the E-Commerce bandwagon, you should put serious consideration into starting your e-commerce venture before jumping in head first.The first thing to consider when starting an online business is what type of products or services you will sell. If you are a writer, perhaps informational products such as ebooks, reports, and website content services would fit the bill.Info products are very hot online and thousands of online merchants earn hundreds millions of dollars a year in this niche. But do not think the market is saturated, it's not. If you have a unique skill or interest in something, creating an info product is actually very simple. In fact, yo
Late detection of diabetes often means that at the time of diagnosis complications have already damaging the eyes, kidneys and nerves. These complications are costly in the physical, financial and psychosocial sense. Early detection and treatment of diabetes may not only improve glycemic control, but also improves blood pressure and lipids. Who should be screened? In general all adults should be screened at regular intervals
• Family history of diabetes (i.e., parents or siblings with diabetes) • Overweight (Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2) • Age >45 years • Previously identified impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) • Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) • Hyperlipidemia (HDL - <35 mg/dL or triglyceride level >250 mg/dL or both) • History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 lb (4.1 kg) (ADA -Diabetes Care 2004)
What are the Screening test for Diabetes
Fasting Plasma Glucose: The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is the standard test for diabetes. It is a simple blood test taken after eight hours of fasting. The FPG test is not always reliable, so a repeat test is recommended if the initial test suggests the presence of diabetes.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The glucose tolerance test may be more accurate than the FPG in certain groups (e.g., women with a history of gestational diabetes). The test uses the following procedures: I) after an overnight fast Fasting Plasma Glucose test is performed. ii) After this test a person receives 75 g of glucose (100 g for pregnant women) blood samples are taken every half an hour {(fasting-30mts-60mts-90mts-120mts-(five times)} to measure the blood glucose. It not only helps in detecting diabetes but also help to detect the pre-diabetic status, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) & Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT))
Is it important to detect pre-diabetic stage? Yes! Because it is “preventable”
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Normal DIABETES
Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma glucose <140 mg/dl ≥ 200 mg/dl
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) NFG IFG ≥ 126 mg/dl
<100 mg/dl
100 – 125 mg/dl
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
(WHO, 2004) NGT IGT ≥200 mg/dl
<140 mg/dl 140–199 mg/dl
What is the test for diabetic who is on treatment to detect the control of blood sugar? Test for Glycosylated Haemoglobin: Tests for blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, also known as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) are useful for determining the severity of diabetes. A glycosylated hemoglobin level of 1% above normal range (5%) identifies diabetes in 98% of patients. The test is not affected by food intake so it can be taken at any time. It shows average blood sugar control of 2-3 months. HbA1c - < 7, should be screened six months once.
What are the routine screening tests for Diabetes Complications? : All patients with a diagnosis of diabetes should receive routine screening for diabetes complications.
Screening for Heart diseases
• Blood pressure check up, regular at every visit for Hypertension (High blood pressure) - should be <130-80 mm/hg, • Lipids test (Bad cholesterol(LDL),Low good cholesterol(HDL)& ,high triglyceride) , Check-up : six months once-Should be LDL <100,TGL <150 &HDL >40 • An electrocardiogram (ECG), that provides information about the status of heart • Chest X ray, information about the lungs and shape of the heart and vascular system (aorta and blood vessels) • Carotid Intima-media Thickness (IMT), marker of early atherosclerosis
Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage): Person with diabetes are several times more prone to kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, (tiny amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include Protein in the urine, High blood pressure, burning during urination, frequent urination, puffiness and swelling
The home buying and selling season is fast approaching and I will be giving out a series of tips for home buyers and sellers in the weeks and months ahead-tips that will help you protect your legal and financial interests. Buying or selling a home is a BIG business deal composed of people, emotions, contracts and cash-all the ingredients for legal and financial pain if you don't know what you are doing and most people don't. When you are doing a real estate deal, you are surrounded by sales people who have an economic interest (called a commission check) to manipulate you into spending as much of your hard earned cash as possible. Keep your eyes on my column over the next weeks and months, especially of you are a home buyer, because real estate agents legally represent sellers and NOT buyers (.)Here's a few basic tips I like to refer to as the 10 commandments for home buyers and sellers.1. BUYERS: real estate agents legally represent sellers, NOT buyers…their job is to get the highest possible price for the property
• Family history of diabetes (i.e., parents or siblings with diabetes) • Overweight (Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2) • Age >45 years • Previously identified impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) • Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) • Hyperlipidemia (HDL - <35 mg/dL or triglyceride level >250 mg/dL or both) • History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 lb (4.1 kg) (ADA -Diabetes Care 2004)
What are the Screening test for Diabetes
Fasting Plasma Glucose: The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is the standard test for diabetes. It is a simple blood test taken after eight hours of fasting. The FPG test is not always reliable, so a repeat test is recommended if the initial test suggests the presence of diabetes.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The glucose tolerance test may be more accurate than the FPG in certain groups (e.g., women with a history of gestational diabetes). The test uses the following procedures: I) after an overnight fast Fasting Plasma Glucose test is performed. ii) After this test a person receives 75 g of glucose (100 g for pregnant women) blood samples are taken every half an hour {(fasting-30mts-60mts-90mts-120mts-(five times)} to measure the blood glucose. It not only helps in detecting diabetes but also help to detect the pre-diabetic status, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) & Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT))
Is it important to detect pre-diabetic stage? Yes! Because it is “preventable”
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Normal DIABETES
Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma glucose <140 mg/dl ≥ 200 mg/dl
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) NFG IFG ≥ 126 mg/dl
<100 mg/dl
100 – 125 mg/dl
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
(WHO, 2004) NGT IGT ≥200 mg/dl
<140 mg/dl 140–199 mg/dl
What is the test for diabetic who is on treatment to detect the control of blood sugar? Test for Glycosylated Haemoglobin: Tests for blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, also known as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) are useful for determining the severity of diabetes. A glycosylated hemoglobin level of 1% above normal range (5%) identifies diabetes in 98% of patients. The test is not affected by food intake so it can be taken at any time. It shows average blood sugar control of 2-3 months. HbA1c - < 7, should be screened six months once.
What are the routine screening tests for Diabetes Complications? : All patients with a diagnosis of diabetes should receive routine screening for diabetes complications.
Screening for Heart diseases
• Blood pressure check up, regular at every visit for Hypertension (High blood pressure) - should be <130-80 mm/hg, • Lipids test (Bad cholesterol(LDL),Low good cholesterol(HDL)& ,high triglyceride) , Check-up : six months once-Should be LDL <100,TGL <150 &HDL >40 • An electrocardiogram (ECG), that provides information about the status of heart • Chest X ray, information about the lungs and shape of the heart and vascular system (aorta and blood vessels) • Carotid Intima-media Thickness (IMT), marker of early atherosclerosis
Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage): Person with diabetes are several times more prone to kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, (tiny amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include Protein in the urine, High blood pressure, burning during urination, frequent urination, puffiness and swelling
Riches can be made in any kind of real estate market. A professional real estate investor makes money when prices are high and when prices are low.No matter what is happening in the market they buy low and sell high. They never buy high and expect to make money waiting for prices to rise.Newbies buy high expecting prices to rise, and when the prices drop they are left owing $175,000 on a house that is now worth $100,000. So as a real estate investor always buy low.Everywhere there are properties selling for below market value. There are many homes in average neighborhoods that need a few thousand dollars worth of cosmetics.For example, take a house selling for $100,000. Since you have done your homework you know it could easily sell for $145,000 or more if it looked better. Buy the house, spend $2,000-$7,000 fixing it up, and sell it for a sizable profit.Never spend a pile of money to completely renovate a house. Just do cosmetic changes such as painting the inside and outside, putting
Is it important to detect pre-diabetic stage? Yes! Because it is “preventable”
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Normal DIABETES
Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma glucose <140 mg/dl ≥ 200 mg/dl
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) NFG IFG ≥ 126 mg/dl
<100 mg/dl
100 – 125 mg/dl
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
(WHO, 2004) NGT IGT ≥200 mg/dl
<140 mg/dl 140–199 mg/dl
What is the test for diabetic who is on treatment to detect the control of blood sugar? Test for Glycosylated Haemoglobin: Tests for blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, also known as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) are useful for determining the severity of diabetes. A glycosylated hemoglobin level of 1% above normal range (5%) identifies diabetes in 98% of patients. The test is not affected by food intake so it can be taken at any time. It shows average blood sugar control of 2-3 months. HbA1c - < 7, should be screened six months once.
What are the routine screening tests for Diabetes Complications? : All patients with a diagnosis of diabetes should receive routine screening for diabetes complications.
Screening for Heart diseases
• Blood pressure check up, regular at every visit for Hypertension (High blood pressure) - should be <130-80 mm/hg, • Lipids test (Bad cholesterol(LDL),Low good cholesterol(HDL)& ,high triglyceride) , Check-up : six months once-Should be LDL <100,TGL <150 &HDL >40 • An electrocardiogram (ECG), that provides information about the status of heart • Chest X ray, information about the lungs and shape of the heart and vascular system (aorta and blood vessels) • Carotid Intima-media Thickness (IMT), marker of early atherosclerosis
Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage): Person with diabetes are several times more prone to kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, (tiny amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include Protein in the urine, High blood pressure, burning during urination, frequent urination, puffiness and swelling
What comes to mind when you think of networking -- cocktail parties? Shaking hands and exchanging business cards at a Chamber of Commerce events? Endless lines of people anxious to make you a customer? Sweaty palms and panic?Networking is not about how many business cards you can collect -- it's about building a long-term and mutually beneficial RELATIONSHIP with another business person. And it doesn't have to be painful or forced! When you do it the right way -- networking is as natural as starting up a casual conversation. Let me show you how...THE SCENE: MY CHIROPRACTOR'S OFFICESo I'm reading a magazine in the waiting room at my chiropractor's office -- I'm exceptionally early for an appointment. Another patient walks in -- a woman named Susan that I've seen there several times before but never spoken to. She sits down and smiles, and we strike up a non-business conversation. We talk a little about chiropractic, traffic (always a popular topic in Atlanta!), and I eventually ask what she does for a living.
(WHO, 2004) NGT IGT ≥200 mg/dl
<140 mg/dl 140–199 mg/dl
What is the test for diabetic who is on treatment to detect the control of blood sugar? Test for Glycosylated Haemoglobin: Tests for blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, also known as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) are useful for determining the severity of diabetes. A glycosylated hemoglobin level of 1% above normal range (5%) identifies diabetes in 98% of patients. The test is not affected by food intake so it can be taken at any time. It shows average blood sugar control of 2-3 months. HbA1c - < 7, should be screened six months once.
What are the routine screening tests for Diabetes Complications? : All patients with a diagnosis of diabetes should receive routine screening for diabetes complications.
Screening for Heart diseases
• Blood pressure check up, regular at every visit for Hypertension (High blood pressure) - should be <130-80 mm/hg, • Lipids test (Bad cholesterol(LDL),Low good cholesterol(HDL)& ,high triglyceride) , Check-up : six months once-Should be LDL <100,TGL <150 &HDL >40 • An electrocardiogram (ECG), that provides information about the status of heart • Chest X ray, information about the lungs and shape of the heart and vascular system (aorta and blood vessels) • Carotid Intima-media Thickness (IMT), marker of early atherosclerosis
Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage): Person with diabetes are several times more prone to kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, (tiny amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include Protein in the urine, High blood pressure, burning during urination, frequent urination, puffiness and swelling
Has your financial development been slowed down because of a heap of debts? Are debts weighing down your shoulders? In general debt consolidation can be pretty much a pain in the neck, since it typically bring about a high interest rate. In this case, a small rate debt consolidation might turn out to be able to let you off from a financial problem without much effort.A debt consolidation might permit you to handle your numerous little debts proficiently. It consolidates your entire due debts into a single debt. This lets it suitable for you in order to pay back the debts.With a small rate debt consolidation you just have to be bothered regarding a single monthly repayment that pays attention to all your due debts. It let you be responsible just to a single creditor.This assists you in effortlessly dealing with different lenders. Your earlier creditors are settled with on behalf of you.Small rate debt consolidation might be easily procured by contacting small finance companies. It might turn out to be just
Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage): Person with diabetes are several times more prone to kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, (tiny amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include Protein in the urine, High blood pressure, burning during urination, frequent urination, puffiness and swelling around the eyes, hand & feet, excessive itching, nausea, vomiting & weakness.
About 20% of type 2 patients show evidence of microalbuminuria upon diagnosis of diabetes, however, only a small percentage of type-2 diabetics eventually develops kidney disease. Microalbuminuria typically shows up in type 2 diabetics who have high blood pressure. Normal: <30;
Microalbuminuria: 30-299 (earliest stage) Macroalbuminuria: ≥300 (progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)) screening test: Microalbuminuria, Protein (urine) Creatinine, urea (blood) Diabetic Neuropathy: (Nerve damage) All patients should be examined for loss of sensation (neuropathy). The symptoms of neuropathy depend on which nerves and what part of the body is affected. It include: numbness or insensitivity to pain or temperature; tingling, burning, or pricking; sharp pains or cramps; sensitivity to touch; loss of balance and coordination. Symptoms can get worse at night.
Peripheral neuropathy affects the feet and hands and autonomic neuropathy affects the internal organs. Neuropathy is diagnosed by the use of very simple devices like Biothesiometer & Monofilament test, performed by trained technicians. These tests are very simple and in-expensive. ABR index < 0.8 indicates normal.
Diabetic Foot examination: Foot problems are important cause of morbidity in diabetic people and they should be examined for reduced blood flow towards limb (legs & feet). Foot problems such as ulceration, infections, necrosis, gangrene and amputation are quite common. These can be diagnosed through a simple device like monofilament (10gm) - to check the foot sensation and Emed pressure measurement system – to check the amount of pressure at various parts of the feet and to predict the changes of getting callus in the feet & Jerk is observed in the ankle & knee using Knee hammer. These test are performed by trained nurses and qualified podiatrist
Diabetic Vasculopathy: When the arteries & veins are affected due to diabetes it is known diabetic Vasculopathy. It shows reduced blood flow towards the limbs. It is examined by Doppler test, which record the blood pressure and arterial pulsations in the upper & lower limb and Ankle Brachial Index ABI is measured. This test is Simple, quiet and non-invasive assessment. The vascular system is performed by doctors and trained technicians. ABI index <0.9 indicates normal.
Diabetes-Retinopathy (related eye): Of many complications of diabetes, blindness is perhaps the most feared. Diabetic subjects are twice to develop eye problems and 60% of those having diabetes for >15yrs will develop diabetic retinopathy in their lifetime. Who are more prone to Diabetic retinopathy? : Uncontrolled blood sugar, longstanding diabetes, Hypertension with diabetes & Genetic predisposition.
What are the stages of retinopathy? : Mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), Moderate-non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe retinopathy, Maculopathy and Proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Treatment: Retinopathy can be treated through laser photocoagulation. Screening test: Patients with diabetes should have an initial dilated and comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist right from the day of diagnosis of diabetes and every year thereafter. Early detection, timely treatment, appropriate screening and care reduce the risk of vision loss & 90% of diabetes related blindness.
All patients should be regularly screened for risk factors and encouraged at each health care visit to pursue a
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