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    Do You Need a Dallas Cleaning Service?
    Do You Need a Dallas Cleaning Service?Each year, in the Dallas area, a fairly large number of homeowners and business owners use a Dallas cleaning service. Are you one of those individuals? If not, there is a good chance that you will be in the future, maybe. However, when it comes to hiring the services of a Dallas cleaning service, there are many individuals who are unsure as to whether not they need to hire professional assistance. If you are one of those individuals, you are urged to examine the common signs.One of the most common signs, of needing a professional cleaning service, is if you are pressed for time. If you are a homeowner, there is a good chance that you have a job and a family. In today’s world more individuals are working longer hours and more children are participating in after-school activities. This may make it difficult or impossible for you to clean your own home. With Dallas cleaning services, you do not have to do your own work; you can rely on a professional to do it for you. This will not only save you time, but it may also result in a cleaner home.If you are a business owner, like a homeowner, you could also save yourself time by using a professional cleaning service. However, in addition to saving yourself time, you could also save yourself money. If you do not use a professional cleaning service, there is a good chance that one of your other employees will do the cleaning for you. This cleaning may take your employee away from other important tasks or result in overtime, and the work isn’t always guaranteed to be the best. With professional Dallas cleaning services you are guaranteed the best. In fact, many Dallas cleaning services stand behind their work with a satisfaction guaranteed policy.In addition to wanting to save time or money, you may also need to use the services of a professional Dallas cleaning service if you have a large mess. Whether you let that mess accumulate overtime or if you just completed a large construction project, it might be too much or too stressful for you to handle. With professional Dallas cleaning services, your mess will be cleaned up, often for an affordable or reasonable price.As mentioned above, many homeowners and business owners use Dallas cleaning services; however, you do not necessarily have to be one of those individuals. Many Dallas cleaning services also work with those who are tenants of an apartment complex, landlords, and construction workers. Essentially this means, that whoever you are or whatever you need cleaned, you should be able to find at least one Dallas cleaning service that can provide you with what you need.Whether you have a mess that is too big to clean up yourself or if you are looking to save yourself money or time, you are advised to contact a professional Dallas cleaning service for more information. With a number of different Dallas cleaning services in the area, you are su
    ments.

    IATA Carrier:
    An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.

    I.E.:
    Immediate Exportation

    I.T.:
    Immediate Transport

    Immediate Exportation:
    Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.

    Immediate Transport:
    A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.

    Import:
    To bring foreign goods into a country

    Import License:
    A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).

    Inbond:
    A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.

    Inbond Entry:
    Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent. Incoterms:
    International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
    EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place) FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) FOB – Free On Board

    Indirect Air Carrier:
    An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.

    International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
    The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes

    Interstate:
    A shipment traveling between states

    Intrastate:
    A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.

    Issuing Carrier:
    The carrier who issues the Air Waybill

    Joint Rate:
    A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.

    Kennel:
    The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.

    Kilo:
    An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.

    Known Shipper:
    An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile

    Legal Connection:
    The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.

    Letter Of Credit:
    A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
    On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill. Liner terms:
    Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods

    Live Animals:
    An airline term to identify live cargo

    Local Rate:
    Rate for s

    Blog for Business Success
    Business blogs have become increasingly popular and can quite profitable for those who set up a marketing blog. Statistically though only a few bloggers actually go about making their blog profitiable. Nevertheless fortunately those who do succeed in writing business blogs are able to spin enough income to make this a worthwhile aspect of their work at home income. Some bloggers do that well they can obtain tens of thousands of dollars for their efforts. In order to make the higher income though the blogger has to be willing to dedicate themselves to the tasks involved in making blogging work effectively.One good way a blogger can earn additional income is through allowing ads to be placed on their site. Some writers feel rather strongly about putting ads on their blog. These writers believe that having all those icons, banners and logo all over their site makes a negative impact. Ads may be unattractive nevertheless it brings in that added revenue which is vital to generate worthwhile income. If a site has huge traffic and wants to monetize its business blog, bloggers must be prepared to set aside some space for its' advertisers. When you design your blog site make some room for the additives such as advertising that can lead to increased revenue. However this should not lead to clutter and make the site difficult to use. If you make your site difficult to use you will lose your readers and have less people to be attracted to the monetised portions of the blog site.Affiliate programs is an excellent way to earn money through the business blog. These blogs are sometimes referred to as as marketing blogs. It is important to choose an affiliate program that is relevant to the contents of the business blog site. For instance, if the blog is all about pets and animals, it would be wise to join affiliate programs that are selling products for pet care.The success of a business blog will largely depend on the amount of time and effort put in to writing and uploading marketing blogs. Successful bloggers tend to be full time in their efforts rather than approaching blogging on a part time basis because there is so much to do including finding out about the market through research, writing effective blogs, uploading the blogs to the site and then marketing the blog so that the general reading public will know that the blogs are available. For blogging to be successful it is important to write something that will quickly grab the interest of the reader. A blogger needs to know how to stimulate his readers so that they will want to repeat the experience of reading blogs and come back time after time to read what is made available. Ideally the blogger should know his reading market and be willing to share some of his/her deepest thoughts and aspirations. Once a blogger gets the attention of his or her readers, there is a big chance that these readers will keep coming back to read more of what the blogger h
    AWB:
    Air Waybill

    Accessorial Services/Fees:
    Services provided by an airline in addition to the normal transportation service. These charges are not included in the basic weight rate charge.

    Common accessorial services include:
    advancement of charges, pick-up, delivery, C.O.D. service, signature service, storage, demurrage, and loading/unloading.

    Account Number:
    A specific number assigned by any airline, to an approved customer, used for billing and other computerized functions.

    Actual Weight:
    What the shipment actually weighs on a scale.

    Advance Arrangements:
    The shipper must make arrangements with the carrier prior to the intended date of shipping. See Booking.

    Advancement of Charges:
    A service under which airlines, in some instances, pay incidental charges arising before or after airhaul. Examples would include cartage and warehousing costs. These charges can be paid in advance for the convenience of either the Shipper or Consignee.

    Agent (IATA):
    A forwarder, agent or broker who is recognized and approved by IATA, appointed by a carrier and authorized by the respective carrier to receive and prepare shipments and to collect charges. See Cargo Sales Agent.

    Air Freight:
    The goods for transport in any volume, and the type of service airlines provide to transport the goods. The term most commonly used is Cargo.

    Air Freight Forwarder:
    See Freight Forwarder

    Air Waybill:
    Shipping document used by the airlines for air freight. It is a contract for carriage between shipper and carrier covering Intra-US and international transportation of cargo to a specified destination. It includes carrier conditions of carriage highlighting such items as limits of liability and claims procedures. The Air Waybill also contains specific shipping instructions to airlines, a description of the commodity, and applicable transportation charges. Air Waybills are not negotiable.

    Airbill:
    See Air Waybill

    Aircraft:
    Most commonly used term for airplane. See Equipment.

    Airport-to-Airport:
    From one airport facility to another airport facility. (No pick-up/delivery service applies.)

    Allotment:
    A blocked space by airlines, on behalf of forwarders / shippers.

    Articles of Extraordinary Value - (AEV):
    Commodities identified as high-value items that require advance arrangements and special handling.

    Assembly Service:
    A service by which an airline assembles shipments from one or many shippers and transports them as one shipment (not necessarily at one time or flight) to one Consignee.

    Astray:
    Cargo that is traveling without paperwork or on paperwork in place of the original

    ATA:
    Actual Time of Arrival, or Airport-To-Airport Attractive Merchandise:
    Commodities such as cameras, radios, electronic equipment, etc., that are handled as high-value shipments but not rated the same.

    Backhaul:
    To move a shipment back over part of a route already traveled.

    Banded/Banding:
    Cargo wrapped and/or secured with metal or plastic strips

    Bank Release:
    An import shipment requiring notification and release from a bank or in care of a bank. The release must be on the bank's stationary and must be an original copy. Photocopies, fax, and phone calls are not acceptable. Also see Letter Of Credit

    Belly or Belly Pits:
    Compartments located beneath the passenger deck used for cargo, baggage storage and mail.

    Bill of Lading:
    A document by which a carrier acknowledges receipts of goods and contracts to move them. The Air Waybill is a form of bill of lading. See Air Waybill.

    Bonded Carrier/Trucker:
    A firm that has posted bond with the government and is licensed to carry and hold in their facilities' goods that have not been granted a clearance by countries' Customs Authorities.

    Booking:
    A shipper has prearranged cargo space on a specific flight(s) creating a booking, or reservation. See Advanced Arrangements.

    Broker (Customs):
    A person or firm licensed by the Customs Authorities to transact business with customs on behalf of importers for a fee. See Customshouse Brokers

    C.O.D.:
    Collect on Delivery

    C.O.D. Fee:
    The fee charged for collecting the COD amount for the shipper.

    CWT:
    Hundred weight

    Cargo:
    The goods for transport in any volume, and the type of service airlines provide to transport the goods. Exceptions:
    (a) Mail or other property under the terms of an international postal convention. (b) Baggage carried under a passenger ticket and baggage check. Unaccompanied baggage moving under an Air Waybill is cargo. See Air Freight.

    Cargo Sales Agent:
    An agent appointed by IATA to solicit and process international cargo for shippers. IATA Cargo Sales Agents are paid commissions by the airlines without added cost to the shipper or consignee. See Agent IATA

    Cargo Transfer:
    Cargo arriving at a point by one carrier and continuing its journey through another carrier. See Interline.

    Carnet (ATA Carnet):
    A document issued by Chambers of Commerce, permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration, or similar purposes) without paying duties or posting bonds.

    Carrier:
    A term synonymous with airline. Each airline is a carrier of passengers and cargo.

    Carrier Certificate:
    A document prepared by the Carrier containing the master Air Waybill number, house Air Waybill number, flight number and date the shipment arrived and the storage date. The consignee/broker needs this information in order to clear customs.

    Certificate of Origin:
    A document to prove the place of origin for specified goods, required by certain foreign countries for tariff purposes.

    CNEE:
    Consignee

    Co-Loader:
    The participants in a consolidation other than the master loader. Each provides all the documentation required for their shipment to the master loader. See Consolidation, MAWB, HAWB, Master Loader.

    Collect Charges:
    Charges entered on the Air Waybill for collection from the consignee. Freight collect, charges forward or charges collect also have the same meaning.

    Collect on Delivery - (C.O.D.):
    A transportation service under which the purchase price of the goods is collected by the carrier from the receiver at the time of delivery, and subsequently, payment is transmitted by the carrier to the shipper. Carriers charge a nominal fee for this service. As the term COD implies, payment is due upon delivery. There are no credit provisions in COD service.

    Commercial Invoice:
    Shipper's documentation describing the goods and their value which must accompany all international and transborder shipments

    Commodity Code:
    A system for identifying a given commodity by a number as a means of facilitating, for example, the application of computerization to freight transportation.

    Conditions of Contract:
    The terms and conditions established by the air carriers for the carriage of goods. These conditions are printed on the Air Waybill and include such items as limits of liability, claims limitations, indemnity and dimensional weight rules.

    Connection Time:
    Allowable published time to connect cargo from one flight to another

    Consignee:
    The receiver of a shipment, or to whom the shipment is consigned

    Consignment:
    Shipment of one or more pieces of property, accepted by the carrier from one shipper, receipted for in one lot, and moved on one Air Waybill, to one consignee at one destination.

    Consular Invoice:
    A document required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information of the shipment. It is certified by a consular official of the foreign country. It is used by the country's customs officials to verify the value, quantity and nature of the shipment.

    Container:
    A shipping device, airline provided or shipper provided, allowing a convenient and lower cost method of shipping. See ULD - Unit Load Device.

    Containerization:
    The use of box-like or other unit load devices (ULD) in which a number of packages are stored, protected, and handled as a unit in transit. See Container and ULD.

    Conversion Rate:
    The rate used to convert one currency to another. See Exchange Rate and Rate of Exchange. Customs:
    A government authority designated to regulate flow of goods to and from a country and to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collections.

    Customs Airport:
    Designated airports in each country which have customs facilities.

    Customs Clearance:
    A shipment must clear customs when it enters any country from another.

    Customs Declaration:
    A statement, oral or written, attesting to the correctness of description, quantity, value, etc., of merchandise offered for importation into the U.S.

    Customhouse Broker:
    A broker who is licensed by the Customs Authorities to act for importers and other businessmen in handling the sequence of customs formalities and other details attendant to the legal and expeditious importing of goods.

    Dangerous Goods:
    Articles or substances which are capable of posting a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transported by air if not packaged according to federal regulations.

    Declared Value for Carriage:
    The value of goods declared to the carrier by the shipper for the purposes of determining charges or establishing the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay.

    Declared Value for Customs:
    The selling price of the contents or the replacement cost if the contents are not for resale. The amount must be equal to or greater than the declared value.

    Delivery Authorization Document - (DAD):
    A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or a 3461 (Clearance) or a straight Air Waybill stamped by customs.

    Department of Transportation - (DOT):
    An executive department of the U.S. Government established by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 for the purpose of developing national transportation policies.

    Destination:
    The final stop of cargo that is being transported. Sometimes referred to as the final destination. exists.

    Diversion:
    Landing at a location other than the planned destination

    Documentation:
    The required paperwork accompanying a shipment such as an Air Waybill, a health certificate, invoices, shipper's export declaration, etc. Dolly:
    A piece of equipment with wheels, used to move containers and pallets to/from the aircraft

    Door-To-Door:
    Used when pick-up and delivery service applies.

    Drop-Off:
    Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air carrier for transportation. See Tender

    Drop Time:
    A published time frame at each airport city when the shipper must drop off cargo prior to flight departure

    Duty:
    A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties are generally based on the value of goods, other factors such as weight or quantity limits, or a combination of value and other factors

    ETA:
    Estimated Time of Arrival

    ETD:
    Estimated Time of Departure

    Embargo:
    Temporary refusal to accept cargo for transportation at certain points or in certain routes due to the type or class of cargo, limitations of facilities, emergencies, or other abnormal circumstances.

    Equipment:
    Used in the airline industry referring to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e., DC-10, B-727, etc.

    Escorts:
    People accompanying shipments on the same aircraft

    Estimated Time of Arrival - (ETA):
    The time at which a flight is expected to arrive as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of arrival.

    Estimate Time of Departure - (ETD):
    The time at which a flight is expected to depart as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of departure.

    Exception Ratings:
    Rates set at a certain percentage above the general commodity rates because they apply to commodities that require special handling, such as live animals and human remains. See Class Rate and Premium Rate

    Excess Value:
    The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability

    Exchange Rate:
    The price of one currency in terms of another

    Exclusive Truck:
    A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline

    Export:
    To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.

    Export Broker:
    An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.

    Export License:
    A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.

    Firms Code:
    A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.

    Flatbed Truck:
    A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer

    Forwarder:
    See Freight Forwarder. Free domicile:
    A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.

    Freight Forwarder:
    Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.

    Freighter:
    An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo

    GBL:
    Government Bill of Lading

    GCR/GEN:
    General Commodity Rate

    Gateway City:
    The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.

    General Commodity:
    Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.

    General Commodity Rate:
    An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.

    Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
    A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.

    Gross Weight:
    The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)

    HAWB (House Air Waybill):
    The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation

    Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
    Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival. Harmonized System – HS:
    The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.

    Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
    A term referring to dangerous goods

    Health Certificate:
    A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.

    High Value:
    A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.

    Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
    Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR

    IAC:
    Indirect Air Carrier

    IATA:
    International Air Transportation Association

    IATA Agent:
    A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.

    IATA Carrier:
    An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.

    I.E.:
    Immediate Exportation

    I.T.:
    Immediate Transport

    Immediate Exportation:
    Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.

    Immediate Transport:
    A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.

    Import:
    To bring foreign goods into a country

    Import License:
    A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).

    Inbond:
    A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.

    Inbond Entry:
    Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent. Incoterms:
    International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
    EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place) FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) FOB – Free On Board

    Indirect Air Carrier:
    An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.

    International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
    The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes

    Interstate:
    A shipment traveling between states

    Intrastate:
    A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.

    Issuing Carrier:
    The carrier who issues the Air Waybill

    Joint Rate:
    A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.

    Kennel:
    The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.

    Kilo:
    An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.

    Known Shipper:
    An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile

    Legal Connection:
    The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.

    Letter Of Credit:
    A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
    On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill. Liner terms:
    Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods

    Live Animals:
    An airline term to identify live cargo

    Local Rate:
    Rate for sh

    How to Get Your Boss to See Your Way
    The onslaught of people who have recently started their own businesses attests to one thing: people like to be their own boss. This way, if they dislike the person they work for, they can actually do something about it. But, for the rest of us, those of us who are not entrepreneurs or trailblazers of a company, a boss just comes with the territory: having a boss in an office is as essential as having a cubicle.Some bosses are fun, they go to happy hours and pick up the tab. Other are not, they yell at their employees and refuse to throw a holiday party. Fun, not fun, or somewhere in the middle, speaking to your boss can be a bit intimidating; after all, they hold your career in the palm of their hand. But, with a few simple tips, you may find that taking an issue to your boss doesn’t have to leave you needing a tissue.Have Specific Examples: Nothing can make a person’s point diffuse quicker than lack of examples; if you have no evidence you simply have no case. For this reason, before even entering your bosses office be sure you have specific examples that back up your claim. If you’re going to assert that you deserve a raise, for instance, you better have a list of reasons why.Don’t Get Emotional: Getting emotional is human nature; we all do it from time to time and often, at the most inconvenient times: talking to your boss is one of those times. Despite your emotions wanting to guide you, telling you how to act, how to react, and what to say, don’t let them. Remaining calm, rational, and in control is the best chance you have at your boss taking you seriously. Yelling, accusing, and throwing things won’t only lead to your boss not listening to you, but it will also lead to security escorting you out.Ask Questions: One of the best ways to get your boss to see your point is by asking them questions about theirs. If they refuse to give you a raise you feel that you deserve, ask them why and then ask them what kind of things you can improve that may eventually lead to them changing their mind. If you still don’t agree with what they have to say, ask them if there is a way you can compromise. Asking your boss questions, rather than just demanding you get your way immediately, suggests that you are willing to work with your boss to meet somewhere in the middle.Don’t Use Gossip as Evidence: Companies can discourage rumors spreading through an office all they want but it will be to no avail. Gossip, quite frankly, happens. While this is just something that comes with the office environment, it’s something that should be left outside your boss’s door. When you go into speak to your boss, leave the rumors, the gossip, and the hearsay behind. Not only is this kind of talk not valid - and possibly not true - but it’s hard to relay gossip to your boss without selling out some of your coworkers.When it comes down to it, your boss, like you, is just a person, put
    ation. See Advanced Arrangements.

    Broker (Customs):
    A person or firm licensed by the Customs Authorities to transact business with customs on behalf of importers for a fee. See Customshouse Brokers

    C.O.D.:
    Collect on Delivery

    C.O.D. Fee:
    The fee charged for collecting the COD amount for the shipper.

    CWT:
    Hundred weight

    Cargo:
    The goods for transport in any volume, and the type of service airlines provide to transport the goods. Exceptions:
    (a) Mail or other property under the terms of an international postal convention. (b) Baggage carried under a passenger ticket and baggage check. Unaccompanied baggage moving under an Air Waybill is cargo. See Air Freight.

    Cargo Sales Agent:
    An agent appointed by IATA to solicit and process international cargo for shippers. IATA Cargo Sales Agents are paid commissions by the airlines without added cost to the shipper or consignee. See Agent IATA

    Cargo Transfer:
    Cargo arriving at a point by one carrier and continuing its journey through another carrier. See Interline.

    Carnet (ATA Carnet):
    A document issued by Chambers of Commerce, permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration, or similar purposes) without paying duties or posting bonds.

    Carrier:
    A term synonymous with airline. Each airline is a carrier of passengers and cargo.

    Carrier Certificate:
    A document prepared by the Carrier containing the master Air Waybill number, house Air Waybill number, flight number and date the shipment arrived and the storage date. The consignee/broker needs this information in order to clear customs.

    Certificate of Origin:
    A document to prove the place of origin for specified goods, required by certain foreign countries for tariff purposes.

    CNEE:
    Consignee

    Co-Loader:
    The participants in a consolidation other than the master loader. Each provides all the documentation required for their shipment to the master loader. See Consolidation, MAWB, HAWB, Master Loader.

    Collect Charges:
    Charges entered on the Air Waybill for collection from the consignee. Freight collect, charges forward or charges collect also have the same meaning.

    Collect on Delivery - (C.O.D.):
    A transportation service under which the purchase price of the goods is collected by the carrier from the receiver at the time of delivery, and subsequently, payment is transmitted by the carrier to the shipper. Carriers charge a nominal fee for this service. As the term COD implies, payment is due upon delivery. There are no credit provisions in COD service.

    Commercial Invoice:
    Shipper's documentation describing the goods and their value which must accompany all international and transborder shipments

    Commodity Code:
    A system for identifying a given commodity by a number as a means of facilitating, for example, the application of computerization to freight transportation.

    Conditions of Contract:
    The terms and conditions established by the air carriers for the carriage of goods. These conditions are printed on the Air Waybill and include such items as limits of liability, claims limitations, indemnity and dimensional weight rules.

    Connection Time:
    Allowable published time to connect cargo from one flight to another

    Consignee:
    The receiver of a shipment, or to whom the shipment is consigned

    Consignment:
    Shipment of one or more pieces of property, accepted by the carrier from one shipper, receipted for in one lot, and moved on one Air Waybill, to one consignee at one destination.

    Consular Invoice:
    A document required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information of the shipment. It is certified by a consular official of the foreign country. It is used by the country's customs officials to verify the value, quantity and nature of the shipment.

    Container:
    A shipping device, airline provided or shipper provided, allowing a convenient and lower cost method of shipping. See ULD - Unit Load Device.

    Containerization:
    The use of box-like or other unit load devices (ULD) in which a number of packages are stored, protected, and handled as a unit in transit. See Container and ULD.

    Conversion Rate:
    The rate used to convert one currency to another. See Exchange Rate and Rate of Exchange. Customs:
    A government authority designated to regulate flow of goods to and from a country and to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collections.

    Customs Airport:
    Designated airports in each country which have customs facilities.

    Customs Clearance:
    A shipment must clear customs when it enters any country from another.

    Customs Declaration:
    A statement, oral or written, attesting to the correctness of description, quantity, value, etc., of merchandise offered for importation into the U.S.

    Customhouse Broker:
    A broker who is licensed by the Customs Authorities to act for importers and other businessmen in handling the sequence of customs formalities and other details attendant to the legal and expeditious importing of goods.

    Dangerous Goods:
    Articles or substances which are capable of posting a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transported by air if not packaged according to federal regulations.

    Declared Value for Carriage:
    The value of goods declared to the carrier by the shipper for the purposes of determining charges or establishing the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay.

    Declared Value for Customs:
    The selling price of the contents or the replacement cost if the contents are not for resale. The amount must be equal to or greater than the declared value.

    Delivery Authorization Document - (DAD):
    A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or a 3461 (Clearance) or a straight Air Waybill stamped by customs.

    Department of Transportation - (DOT):
    An executive department of the U.S. Government established by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 for the purpose of developing national transportation policies.

    Destination:
    The final stop of cargo that is being transported. Sometimes referred to as the final destination. exists.

    Diversion:
    Landing at a location other than the planned destination

    Documentation:
    The required paperwork accompanying a shipment such as an Air Waybill, a health certificate, invoices, shipper's export declaration, etc. Dolly:
    A piece of equipment with wheels, used to move containers and pallets to/from the aircraft

    Door-To-Door:
    Used when pick-up and delivery service applies.

    Drop-Off:
    Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air carrier for transportation. See Tender

    Drop Time:
    A published time frame at each airport city when the shipper must drop off cargo prior to flight departure

    Duty:
    A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties are generally based on the value of goods, other factors such as weight or quantity limits, or a combination of value and other factors

    ETA:
    Estimated Time of Arrival

    ETD:
    Estimated Time of Departure

    Embargo:
    Temporary refusal to accept cargo for transportation at certain points or in certain routes due to the type or class of cargo, limitations of facilities, emergencies, or other abnormal circumstances.

    Equipment:
    Used in the airline industry referring to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e., DC-10, B-727, etc.

    Escorts:
    People accompanying shipments on the same aircraft

    Estimated Time of Arrival - (ETA):
    The time at which a flight is expected to arrive as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of arrival.

    Estimate Time of Departure - (ETD):
    The time at which a flight is expected to depart as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of departure.

    Exception Ratings:
    Rates set at a certain percentage above the general commodity rates because they apply to commodities that require special handling, such as live animals and human remains. See Class Rate and Premium Rate

    Excess Value:
    The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability

    Exchange Rate:
    The price of one currency in terms of another

    Exclusive Truck:
    A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline

    Export:
    To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.

    Export Broker:
    An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.

    Export License:
    A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.

    Firms Code:
    A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.

    Flatbed Truck:
    A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer

    Forwarder:
    See Freight Forwarder. Free domicile:
    A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.

    Freight Forwarder:
    Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.

    Freighter:
    An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo

    GBL:
    Government Bill of Lading

    GCR/GEN:
    General Commodity Rate

    Gateway City:
    The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.

    General Commodity:
    Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.

    General Commodity Rate:
    An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.

    Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
    A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.

    Gross Weight:
    The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)

    HAWB (House Air Waybill):
    The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation

    Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
    Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival. Harmonized System – HS:
    The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.

    Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
    A term referring to dangerous goods

    Health Certificate:
    A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.

    High Value:
    A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.

    Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
    Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR

    IAC:
    Indirect Air Carrier

    IATA:
    International Air Transportation Association

    IATA Agent:
    A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.

    IATA Carrier:
    An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.

    I.E.:
    Immediate Exportation

    I.T.:
    Immediate Transport

    Immediate Exportation:
    Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.

    Immediate Transport:
    A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.

    Import:
    To bring foreign goods into a country

    Import License:
    A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).

    Inbond:
    A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.

    Inbond Entry:
    Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent. Incoterms:
    International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
    EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place) FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) FOB – Free On Board

    Indirect Air Carrier:
    An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.

    International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
    The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes

    Interstate:
    A shipment traveling between states

    Intrastate:
    A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.

    Issuing Carrier:
    The carrier who issues the Air Waybill

    Joint Rate:
    A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.

    Kennel:
    The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.

    Kilo:
    An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.

    Known Shipper:
    An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile

    Legal Connection:
    The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.

    Letter Of Credit:
    A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
    On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill. Liner terms:
    Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods

    Live Animals:
    An airline term to identify live cargo

    Local Rate:
    Rate for s

    Starting a Metal Detecting Business? Don't Do it Until You Reads This Tips
    If you are looking start a business selling metal detectors you need some knowledge on the subject to make sure that your customers feel comfortable purchasing from you. If you are already knowledgeable about metal detectors than starting your own business and watching the profits come in should happen sooner rather than later.Selling metal detectors can be extremely profitable and you can sell new, used, and metal detecting accessories. There are many people out there that are passionate about the hobby of metal detecting. In this article we will take a look at your possible customer base and how to find new ones.If you want to sell metal detectors in larger quantities you may want to get in touch with many of the metal detecting clubs that are located in your area. Offer a discount to the club members so that they will get into your store and want to find a good deal. You may not make as much profit at first but the word of mouth and loyal customers will continue to grow. When the members are in your store they will want to take advantage of the discounts and purchase some more of the higher profit items such as accessories.When starting a metal detecting business you will want to carry new metal detectors and you will need to contact the manufacturers that make the metal detectors. Find out if they have any co-op advertising that they can help you with. Letting people know you are open and in business is the first step to getting name recognition. You may also be able to obtain a customer listing of the people who have bought in your area. The manufacturers will have warranty information of the metal detectors in their database. If the companies share their customer base information send a letter letting them know that you will carry similar metal detectors.Starting a metal detecting business can be made easier if you have a plan of attack. You can always find additional resources to help you out and increase the probability of success.
    shipping device, airline provided or shipper provided, allowing a convenient and lower cost method of shipping. See ULD - Unit Load Device.

    Containerization:
    The use of box-like or other unit load devices (ULD) in which a number of packages are stored, protected, and handled as a unit in transit. See Container and ULD.

    Conversion Rate:
    The rate used to convert one currency to another. See Exchange Rate and Rate of Exchange. Customs:
    A government authority designated to regulate flow of goods to and from a country and to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collections.

    Customs Airport:
    Designated airports in each country which have customs facilities.

    Customs Clearance:
    A shipment must clear customs when it enters any country from another.

    Customs Declaration:
    A statement, oral or written, attesting to the correctness of description, quantity, value, etc., of merchandise offered for importation into the U.S.

    Customhouse Broker:
    A broker who is licensed by the Customs Authorities to act for importers and other businessmen in handling the sequence of customs formalities and other details attendant to the legal and expeditious importing of goods.

    Dangerous Goods:
    Articles or substances which are capable of posting a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transported by air if not packaged according to federal regulations.

    Declared Value for Carriage:
    The value of goods declared to the carrier by the shipper for the purposes of determining charges or establishing the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay.

    Declared Value for Customs:
    The selling price of the contents or the replacement cost if the contents are not for resale. The amount must be equal to or greater than the declared value.

    Delivery Authorization Document - (DAD):
    A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or a 3461 (Clearance) or a straight Air Waybill stamped by customs.

    Department of Transportation - (DOT):
    An executive department of the U.S. Government established by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 for the purpose of developing national transportation policies.

    Destination:
    The final stop of cargo that is being transported. Sometimes referred to as the final destination. exists.

    Diversion:
    Landing at a location other than the planned destination

    Documentation:
    The required paperwork accompanying a shipment such as an Air Waybill, a health certificate, invoices, shipper's export declaration, etc. Dolly:
    A piece of equipment with wheels, used to move containers and pallets to/from the aircraft

    Door-To-Door:
    Used when pick-up and delivery service applies.

    Drop-Off:
    Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air carrier for transportation. See Tender

    Drop Time:
    A published time frame at each airport city when the shipper must drop off cargo prior to flight departure

    Duty:
    A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties are generally based on the value of goods, other factors such as weight or quantity limits, or a combination of value and other factors

    ETA:
    Estimated Time of Arrival

    ETD:
    Estimated Time of Departure

    Embargo:
    Temporary refusal to accept cargo for transportation at certain points or in certain routes due to the type or class of cargo, limitations of facilities, emergencies, or other abnormal circumstances.

    Equipment:
    Used in the airline industry referring to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e., DC-10, B-727, etc.

    Escorts:
    People accompanying shipments on the same aircraft

    Estimated Time of Arrival - (ETA):
    The time at which a flight is expected to arrive as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of arrival.

    Estimate Time of Departure - (ETD):
    The time at which a flight is expected to depart as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of departure.

    Exception Ratings:
    Rates set at a certain percentage above the general commodity rates because they apply to commodities that require special handling, such as live animals and human remains. See Class Rate and Premium Rate

    Excess Value:
    The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability

    Exchange Rate:
    The price of one currency in terms of another

    Exclusive Truck:
    A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline

    Export:
    To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.

    Export Broker:
    An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.

    Export License:
    A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.

    Firms Code:
    A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.

    Flatbed Truck:
    A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer

    Forwarder:
    See Freight Forwarder. Free domicile:
    A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.

    Freight Forwarder:
    Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.

    Freighter:
    An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo

    GBL:
    Government Bill of Lading

    GCR/GEN:
    General Commodity Rate

    Gateway City:
    The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.

    General Commodity:
    Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.

    General Commodity Rate:
    An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.

    Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
    A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.

    Gross Weight:
    The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)

    HAWB (House Air Waybill):
    The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation

    Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
    Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival. Harmonized System – HS:
    The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.

    Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
    A term referring to dangerous goods

    Health Certificate:
    A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.

    High Value:
    A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.

    Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
    Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR

    IAC:
    Indirect Air Carrier

    IATA:
    International Air Transportation Association

    IATA Agent:
    A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.

    IATA Carrier:
    An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.

    I.E.:
    Immediate Exportation

    I.T.:
    Immediate Transport

    Immediate Exportation:
    Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.

    Immediate Transport:
    A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.

    Import:
    To bring foreign goods into a country

    Import License:
    A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).

    Inbond:
    A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.

    Inbond Entry:
    Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent. Incoterms:
    International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
    EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place) FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) FOB – Free On Board

    Indirect Air Carrier:
    An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.

    International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
    The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes

    Interstate:
    A shipment traveling between states

    Intrastate:
    A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.

    Issuing Carrier:
    The carrier who issues the Air Waybill

    Joint Rate:
    A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.

    Kennel:
    The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.

    Kilo:
    An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.

    Known Shipper:
    An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile

    Legal Connection:
    The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.

    Letter Of Credit:
    A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
    On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill. Liner terms:
    Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods

    Live Animals:
    An airline term to identify live cargo

    Local Rate:
    Rate for s

    Size And Fit Problem With Readymade Garment
    Fitting is one of the important criteria for consumers in their buying decision. Every garment manufacturer have target segment with certain demographic characteristics, defining consumer profile. For getting the best fit and size dimensions, manufacturer spends big chunks of money. Best range of sizing can be a key success factor for manufacturers. To implement this many companies are using advanced technologies and strategies to device sizing systems and sizing categories.Following are the issues central to the sizing problem:Collecting data on age, body structure and ethnicity: Data can be colleted by sample survey method that can represent the population as a whole. Selection of sample is very crucial as these are bases to arrive at conclusions. Various statistical tools can help in getting range and variation of sizes found in people. Now-a-days companies are better equipped with technologies such as automated measurement and 3D body scanning. These tools facilitate more effective and affordable data collection for garment manufacturing companies.Demographic Data: Data such as age, income, education, lifestyle and socio-economic status are also important factors affecting sizing, but unfortunately very few manufacturers work on such data.Idea about fittings: Patternmakers, graders, designers and customers themselves- all have different perceptions about the best fit. Designer has his idea about match between size of outfit and body dimension that will give the perfect look. Patternmakers seek to maintain this look over a range of bodies. Customers have their personal preferences and perceptions about which size gives a better look and feel of comfort. The effectiveness of sizing system is highly dependent on skills of patternmakers and graders in identifying, defining and manufacturing the type of fit appropriate for the target market. Some of the tools and strategies to facilitate this are target body scanner, market surveys, wear testing, and virtual fit assessment.Style, design, and material as well as production methods used: Each style defines the relationship between body and size. Each new style of outfit that is produced is aimed to fit range of bodies in an acceptable manner. Some style like a baggy one can fit many bodies with marginal difference. The design of a garment also influences fitting, especially when design is complex.Materials with stretching characteristics can fit a wider range of body.Various stages in production significantly affect the final specifications of a garment. Wrong selection of fabrics, shrinkage, defects in machinery, errors in marker making and cutting, and inaccurate sewing can lead to distort the expected size. For such problems production management need can make use SQC (Statistical Quality Control) Techniques and emphasize on quality control and consistency.Size labels: Communication of clothing sizes is also one of
    light is expected to depart as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of departure.

    Exception Ratings:
    Rates set at a certain percentage above the general commodity rates because they apply to commodities that require special handling, such as live animals and human remains. See Class Rate and Premium Rate

    Excess Value:
    The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability

    Exchange Rate:
    The price of one currency in terms of another

    Exclusive Truck:
    A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline

    Export:
    To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.

    Export Broker:
    An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.

    Export License:
    A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.

    Firms Code:
    A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.

    Flatbed Truck:
    A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer

    Forwarder:
    See Freight Forwarder. Free domicile:
    A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.

    Freight Forwarder:
    Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.

    Freighter:
    An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo

    GBL:
    Government Bill of Lading

    GCR/GEN:
    General Commodity Rate

    Gateway City:
    The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.

    General Commodity:
    Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.

    General Commodity Rate:
    An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.

    Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
    A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.

    Gross Weight:
    The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)

    HAWB (House Air Waybill):
    The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation

    Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
    Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival. Harmonized System – HS:
    The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.

    Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
    A term referring to dangerous goods

    Health Certificate:
    A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.

    High Value:
    A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.

    Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
    Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR

    IAC:
    Indirect Air Carrier

    IATA:
    International Air Transportation Association

    IATA Agent:
    A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.

    IATA Carrier:
    An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.

    I.E.:
    Immediate Exportation

    I.T.:
    Immediate Transport

    Immediate Exportation:
    Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.

    Immediate Transport:
    A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.

    Import:
    To bring foreign goods into a country

    Import License:
    A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).

    Inbond:
    A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.

    Inbond Entry:
    Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent. Incoterms:
    International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
    EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place) FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) FOB – Free On Board

    Indirect Air Carrier:
    An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.

    International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
    The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes

    Interstate:
    A shipment traveling between states

    Intrastate:
    A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.

    Issuing Carrier:
    The carrier who issues the Air Waybill

    Joint Rate:
    A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.

    Kennel:
    The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.

    Kilo:
    An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.

    Known Shipper:
    An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile

    Legal Connection:
    The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.

    Letter Of Credit:
    A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
    On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill. Liner terms:
    Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods

    Live Animals:
    An airline term to identify live cargo

    Local Rate:
    Rate for s

    How to Keep your Customers Coming Back
    The trouble with some people is, they assume that their clients are all boring, dull and have no sense of humor. Isn't it strange how most companies seem to have a charisma bypass when it comes to communicating with their clients. Which would you rather have, A client? Or, a friend who is also a client? A friend of course. Well, to have more friends in your business, you must do more friendly things.Actually, it's all about the human touch. Something that's often missing in our business dealings today. Your clients are all human beings who have a wife or husband, kids who don't listen, a mortgage that's too big, a house that's too small, a swimming pool that needs cleaning and a garden that needs weeding. They are concerned about their health, they like to laugh, eat out, go to the movies and want to be happy just like you.The more you treat your clients as friends, the more they'll talk about you and want to do business with you. You spend more time at work than at home. So make it fun and deal with clients as if they were your friends. They will be your friends if you do the following:Send Birthday Letters- Everyone likes to be remembered on their birthday. Personal birthday letters are the easiest to implement. Why not send a little gift? Maybe a gift certificate to a restaurant (The restaurant should give you the gift certificate for free or at a 60 percent discount since it introduces a new customer to them at no cost. Or a couple of movie tickets or whatever.Make regular "How's everything going" calls- Pick up the phone for 15 minutes each day and call a client for no other reason than to say. "Hi, I just called to see how things are going." When was the last time you called your clients when you didn't have to. Your clients will appreciate that you are thinking of them. It makes them feel that you really care. Do this regularly and, you'll have so much business you won't know what to do with it.Send out a small box of candy- Include a bag of candy with your next order together with a handwritten note that says, "I thought you may like these, they are my favorites." Or instruct your staff to include them with every job or delivery you do. Attach a little note saying, "Here's a little something for you to enjoy." You will not believe the impact this will have on how people remember you and your business. When your clients talk about you, they'll know you're the one who sends that great box of candy.Give unexpected gifts- If you find an article, a book, an audio cassette, or anything else your clients may be interested in, send them a copy with a note saying, "I thought you'd enjoy this. I just finished reading it and it's got some interesting ideas." If you buy large quantities of books, audio-tapes, reports, etc., you'll find the price you pay is reasonable and the goodwill it creates large. Invest in educating your clients, and
    ments.

    IATA Carrier:
    An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.

    I.E.:
    Immediate Exportation

    I.T.:
    Immediate Transport

    Immediate Exportation:
    Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.

    Immediate Transport:
    A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.

    Import:
    To bring foreign goods into a country

    Import License:
    A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).

    Inbond:
    A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.

    Inbond Entry:
    Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent. Incoterms:
    International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
    EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place) FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) FOB – Free On Board

    Indirect Air Carrier:
    An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.

    International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
    The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes

    Interstate:
    A shipment traveling between states

    Intrastate:
    A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.

    Issuing Carrier:
    The carrier who issues the Air Waybill

    Joint Rate:
    A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.

    Kennel:
    The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.

    Kilo:
    An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.

    Known Shipper:
    An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile

    Legal Connection:
    The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.

    Letter Of Credit:
    A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
    On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill. Liner terms:
    Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods

    Live Animals:
    An airline term to identify live cargo

    Local Rate:
    Rate for shipments between city pairs, all on the same airline

    Lockout:
    A set time after which no cargo may be sent to be boarded on a flight

    Lot:
    Number of pieces in one shipment Lot Label:
    A label or stencil applied to cargo identifying the shipment by Air Waybill number, number of pieces, actual weight of each piece, total actual weight, destination airport, date of shipment, and routing. Lower deck:
    An aircraft compartment, below the Main Deck

    Main deck:
    Also known as Upper Deck. A freighter aircraft has it entire upper deck equipped for main deck type of containers/pallets loading. There is no main deck type of container/pallet at passenger aircraft Master Air Waybill - (MAWB):
    Air Waybill covering a consolidated consignment, showing the consolidator as shipper

    Master Loader:
    The IATA agent who assumes the responsibility for contracting with other agents to assemble goods for consolidation to the airlines.

    MET - Merchandise Enforcement Team:
    A special unit of US Customs

    Minimum Charge:
    The minimum amount which applies for the transportation of air cargo service, no matter how small the shipment

    NAR:
    No Authentication Required

    NDR:
    No Documents Required

    NES:
    Not Elsewhere Specified. An abbreviation which often appears in cargo tariffs along with NOS - Not Otherwise Specified and possibly, NOIBN - Not Otherwise Indexed by Number.

    NFO:
    Next Flight Out. A term used by some shippers meaning SPD - Small Package Delivery.

    NOA:
    Notify On Arrival

    NarLetterList-Body Aircraft:
    B-727, B-737, B-757 and A-320 are all examples of narLetterList-body aircraft.

    Net Weight:
    The actual weight of a shipment (not including the weight of the container / unit load device - (ULD)).

    Nomination:
    When an air carrier authorizes a bonded agent (forwarder, broker) to update Air Waybill information (master Air Waybill or house Air Waybill) directly to customs via Air Manifest System

    Non-Stop Flight:
    A flight with no stops from origin to destination

    No Op:
    Abbreviation for Not in operation, or does not operate.

    No Show:
    Shipper who fails to show up to ship an already booked shipment. Also, a shipment which fails to show up at destination off a flight.

    Normal Processing Time:
    A time frame each airport city publishes for recovery time.

    Normal Rate:
    The international term for the published per pound or per kilo rate (between minimum charge and 45K/100L rate.)

    NVD:
    No Value Declared

    Offload:
    Removing the cargo from the aircraft

    On-Demand Truck:
    A shuttle truck operating only if freight has been booked for it

    On Hand - (OH):
    Cargo is confirmed at a particular airport and available for the customer to pick-up.

    One-Shot Truck:
    A shuttle truck arranged by a station on a one-time only basis

    Online:
    A routing from origin to destination on the designated carrier only

    Origin:
    The point at which a shipment begins

    Over-Pivot Weight:
    The weight in excess of the pivot weight. See Pivot Weight.

    Over-the-Road Truck:
    Pick-up and delivery service performed beyond the usual radius of regular Air Cargo, Inc. pick-up and delivery service. These shipments are normally by use of a bill of lading or PRO.

    Pallet:
    A wooden or metal base to which cargo is secured

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